Administrative Law Vocabulary
штраф
административный акт
за пределами полномочий
судебный контроль
обязательное решение
fine
administrative act
ultra vires
judicial review
binding decision
Name subjects of administrative law
individuals, citizens, foreign nationals, stateless persons, legal entities, state bodies, public associations
вердикт
судебное решение
апелляция
обвинительный приговор
оправдание
verdict
judgment
appeal
conviction
acquittal
Name 5 participants in a criminal trial
examples: judge, jury, prosecutor, defense attorney, defendant, witness, bailiff, court clerk
тюремное заключение
тюремный срок
условное осуждение
общественные работы
тяжесть преступления
imprisonment
prison term
suspended sentence
community service
severity of a crime
законность
соразмерность
подотчётность
прозрачность
обоснование
legality
proportionality
accountability
transparency
justification
List principles that guide administrative law
legality, proportionality, accountability, transparency, justification (also: rule of law, fairness)
истец
ответчик
сторона обвинения
бремя доказывания
стандарт доказывания
plaintiff
defendant
prosecution
burden of proof
standard of proof
What are the differences between criminal and civil procedure?
parties (state vs. private)
purpose (punishment vs. remedy)
standard of proof (beyond reasonable doubt vs. preponderance)
burden of proof (prosecution vs. plaintiff)
outcome (conviction/acquittal vs. liability/damages)
неосуждённый заключённый
утратить (залог) / лишиться права
задерживать, арестовывать
одиночная камера
побег из тюрьмы
unconvicted prisoner
to forfeit
to apprehend
solitary confinement
prison escape / breach of prison
императивный метод
подчинение
государственное принуждение
административное усмотрение
юридическая обязанность
императивный метод
подчинение
государственное принуждение
административное усмотрение
юридическая обязанность
Give 5 examples of administrative acts
examples: granting a license, refusing a permit, imposing a fine, revoking a passport, issuing a building permit
прямой допрос
перекрестный допрос
повторный прямой допрос
возражение
отклонить возражение
direct examination
cross-examination
redirect examination
objection
to overrule an objection
Name types of torts (civil wrongs)
examples: negligence, assault, battery, false imprisonment, defamation, libel, slander, product liability
Name 5 categories of prisoners according to the texts
examples: unconvicted prisoners, juvenile delinquents, women prisoners, recidivists (habitual offenders), life‑sentence prisoners, long‑term prisoners
быть наделённым полномочиями
действовать за пределами полномочий
злоупотреблять властью
оспорить решение
составить протокол
to be vested with powers
to act ultra vires
to abuse power
to challenge a decision
to draw up a report
Name 5 functions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
examples: crime detection, maintaining public order, traffic regulation, juvenile crime prevention, passport issuance
исковое заявление
судебная повестка
отзыв на иск
встречный иск
заочное решение
complaint
summons
answer
counterclaim
default judgment
List 5 stages of a civil litigation process (in order)
filing a complaint → service of summons → filing an answer → discovery → pre‑trial hearing → trial → judgment → appeal (any 5 consecutive stages)
Name alternatives to imprisonment
examples: fine, probation, suspended sentence, community service order, restitution, reparation, disqualification, electronic monitoring
отзыв лицензии
приостановление разрешения
принудительное взыскание штрафа
судебный контроль административного акта
возбуждение производства
withdrawal of a licence
suspension of a permit
enforcement of a fine
judicial review of an administrative act
initiation of proceedings
Under PACE 1984, list the rights of a detained person at a police station
examples: right to speak to a solicitor, right to have a relative informed, right to see the Codes of Practice, right to medical help, right to free legal advice
отбор присяжных
мотивированный отвод
немотивированный отвод
напутствие присяжным
присяжные, не пришедшие к единогласию
voir dire
challenge for cause
peremptory challenge
jury instructions
hung jury
List things that must happen during a jury trial before the jury retires to deliberate
opening statements, direct examination of witnesses, cross-examination, presentation of exhibits, closing arguments, jury instructions (any 5 in correct order)
Name elements of pre‑release or rehabilitation programmes for prisoners
examples: education (compulsory for young offenders), prison industries (work experience), pre‑release hostels, furloughs (short home visits), work release programmes, aftercare by probation officers