Sensation
A decrease response to a stimulus after repeated exposure
Vs.
A slight change in a stimulus causes a noticeable difference
What is habituation and dishabituation?
Expectations
Experience
Motivation
Culture
What is influences on perception?
Object as it exists within the environment (how the world interprets it)
Vs.
Object as it is projected on the retina (how we interpret it)
What is Distal and Proximal Stimulus?
Amplitude
Frequency
What are sound waves?
Salty
Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Umami (savory or meaty)
What is Gustation(taste)?
Senses tire out after constant exposure
Ex: car alarm fading
What is Sensory Adaptation?
Begins with the sense receptors and works up to the level of the brain and mind
What is Bottom-up-Processing?
Nearsightedness
Farsightedness
Blindness
Color blindness
What is Vision Impairments?
Part of ear that collects and magnifies sound; pinna is part of this
Vs.
Part of ear that urns vibrations into impulses to send to the brain; also responsible for vestibular sense; cochlea is part of this
What is Outer Ear and Inner Ear?
Body position/movement of body parts
Gives brain information about where body parts are located and positioned
What is Kinesthetic Sense?
Noticing the stimuli in the environment
Vs.
Noticing a difference within two or more stimuli within the environment
What is Detection and Discrimination?
Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
What is subliminal?
Brain computes information in a step by step, formulaic/linear way(memorizing a dance routine)
Vs.
Brain computes multiple pieces of information at the same time(detecting color, depth, etc)
What is Serial and Parallel Processing?
Theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.
What is place theory?
Skin has receptors that provide information about pressure, pain, and temperature
What is Touch Sense?
Minimal amount of stimulation necessary to detect a stimulus at least half of the time
Vs.
Minimal change needed to detect a “just noticeable” difference between the stimuli half the time
What is Absolute Threshold and Difference Threshold?
Activation of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
What is priming?
Understanding objects as whole structures rather than the sum of parts
What is Gestalt Theory?
Hearing Impairments:
Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells to the auditory nerves(nerve deafness)
Vs.
Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
What is sensorineural and conductive deafness?
Balance, motion, and body’s orientation (how we stay upright)
Inner ear (movement of fluid)
What is Vestibular Sense?
Difference threshold is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus
What is Weber's Law?
Phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word or term from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is close.
What is Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon?
Refers to an image continuing to appear after exposure to the original image has ceased
What is after image effect?
Presenting one stimulus immediately after another brief stimulus leads to a failure to consciously perceive the first stimulus.
Vs.
Recording technique in which a sound or message is recorded backward onto a track that is meant to be played forward
What is Masking and Backmasking?
Explains why some pain messages are perceived while others are not; high priority messages temporarily shut the gate on low priority messages
What is Gate Control Theory?