processing
perceptual set
A mental predisposition to perceive something in a particular way.
selective attention
the process by which we focus on one stimulus (or a set of stimuli) while ignoring others.
what is priming
Priming is the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations in memory that influence perception, memory, or response.
what is encoding
Encoding is the process of getting information into your memory system — basically, it’s how your brain takes in info and prepares it for storage.
perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
what is top down processing
The brain’s reliance to interpret incoming sensory information based on prior knowledge, expectations and experiences
selective inattention
when we fail to notice stimuli that are in our environment because we’re focused on something else.
an example of priming
Word association
Emotion/behavior priming
Subliminal priming
Inadequate Processing
when information doesn't get effectively stored in memory due to insufficient processing during the encoding stage.
sensation
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy from our environment
what is bottom up processing
Our brain’s reliance on incoming sensory information to then create representation of the object in our mind.
Absolute Threshold
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time.
Supraliminal priming
factors that contribute to encoding failure
3 of the 5 senses
Vision (sight)
Audition (hearing)
Somatosensation (touch)
Gustation (taste)
Olfaction (smell)
perceptual restoration
how our brain can "fill in" missing sensory information using context, prior knowledge, or expectations.
The Popout Phenomena
when a stimulus in a visual field immediately grabs your attention because it's different in a key way — like color, shape, size, or orientation — even when surrounded by other items.
What is the difference between positive priming and negative priming
Positive priming enhances processing speed, while negative priming slows it down.
The 3 Basic Processes of Memory
Encoding – getting info in
Storage – keeping it over time
Retrieval – getting it out when needed
sensory adaptation
Decreased sensitivity to constant stimuli.
list 3 of Gestalt's Principles
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Closure
Figure-ground
Weber’s Law
ΔI/I=k
The greater the original stimulus, the larger the change needed to notice a difference.
How does priming relate to implicit memory?
Priming is a phenomenon within implicit memory where prior exposure to a stimulus influences the response to a subsequent related stimulus. This influence happens unconsciously, without the person needing to consciously recall the previous stimulus.
Levels of Encoding
what do perceptual illusions do
reveal how the brain interprets sensory data.