Rusting Pipes
Not inevitable with aging but occurs more commonly in older adults secondary to a combination of age-related changes and risk factors
What is incontinence
An early functional consequence of this is the loss of ability to hear high-pitched sounds
What is Presbycusis
This is an initial and universal age-related vision change, which progresses during older adulthood
What is Presbyopia
About one third of older adults experience xerostomia, most often related to, for example, a medication effect
What is defined as dry mouth (one medication example would be an antihistamine/anticholinergic)
Age-related changes in this thermoregulatory center diminish the older adult's febrile response to illness and infection
What is the hypothalamus
Risk factors that affect urinary wellness in the older adult
What are fluid intake and dietary factors, medication effects (diuretics, sedatives, antidepressants, antihypertensives, anticholinergics), functional impairments and environmental conditions (cognition, balance, mobility, accessibility, ability go get to a BR), pathologic conditions (uterine prolapse, rectocele), gender-specific conditions (pelvic floor disorders, BPH), misperceptions and lack of knowledge of caregivers (incontinence comes with aging)
About one out of five older adults experiences this pathologic condition that affects hearing
What is Tinnitus
Name some Functional Consequences which affect visual wellness
List age-related changes that affect digestion and eating patterns
What are diminished senses of smell and taste, changes in oral cavity, degenerative changes in all structures of the gastrointestinal tract
Age-related changes likely to interfere with an older adult's ability to respond to cold temperatures
What are inefficient vasoconstriction, decreased cardiac output, decreased muscle mass, diminished peripheral circulation, decreased sub q tissue, delayed and diminished shivering
A preventable pathologic condition which affects urinary function
What is CAUTI
Techniques for communicating with hearing impaired adults
What are: (could be any number of techniques)... eliminating background noise (turn off the TV), speak in a lower tone (this range is easier to hear), stand or sit directly in front of the person, use large print written communication to supplement verbal communication
Name 3 Pathologic conditions affecting vision in the older adult
What are cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration
Older adults generally need less of these but still require the same or higher level of these
What are calories and nutrients (such as protein, vitamins, fiber)
Risk factors for hypothermia or heat-related illness in older adults
Age >75, adverse environmental temps, socioeconomic conditions
for hypothermia ETOH/excessive, stroke, dementia, DKA, malnutrition, renal failure, meds such as opioids, TCAs
for hyperthermia ETOH, dehydration, DKA, hyperthyroidism, excessive or moderate exercise in hot/humid area, meds such as diuretics, CV agents, anticholinergic agents
These functional impairments and environmental conditions may affect control over urination
What are cognition/balance/mobility/coordination, accessibility and acceptability of toilet facilities/amount of time between the urge to void and actual need to void, ability to voluntarily control the urge to void
Name 4 risk factors that affect hearing wellness in the older adult
What are exposure to noise, impacted cerumen, disease processes (name one), and ototoxic medications (name one)
List 4 Risk Factors that affect visual wellness
What are environmental (glare, sunlight, poor lighting, low humidity), Lifestyle (poor nutrition, cigarette smoking), Chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer or Parkinson disease), Adverse medication effects (estrogen, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, beta blockers, anti-parkinson agents)
This factor is a common and serious condition in older adults, often leading to negative functional consequences such as falls, fractures, and cognitive impairments
What is dehydration (caused by a combination of risk factors including polypharmacy, acute and chronic conditions, age related changes such as diminished thirst and decreased renal function, and insufficient fluid intake)
These nursing interventions help to promote healthy thermoregulation in the older adult
What are maintaining healthy environmental conditions (temperature), education about how to protect from hypo or hyperthermia, education of caregivers about hypo and hyperthermia related illnesses
Age-related changes affecting urinary wellness
What are decrease in functioning nephrons, renal blood flow, elasticity in urinary tract muscles; degenerative changes in the cerebral cortex; and increased production of urine at night (leading to...)
Name 3 changes in the middle ear that lead to impaired sound conduction
What are diminished resiliency of the tympanic membrane; calcified and hardened ossicles; weakened and stiff muscles and ligaments
Education for positive functional consequences for the older adult could include any of these
What are the use of corrective lenses, environmental adaptations for optimal safety and visual function, improved independence in daily activities, expressed feelings of improved quality of life in relation to visual function
List risk factors that affect digestion and nutrition
What are ETOH and smoking, socioeconomic influences, poor dietary intake, effects of medications, cultural considerations, dysphagia
These groups are associated with an increased risk for heat-related illness
males, age 65 and older, non-Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Natives, and those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged