Senses
Name five basic tastes humans can detect.
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami (savory)
How does temperature affect the taste of food?
Warmer foods have more aroma and flavor; temperature affects taste intensity
What is taste bias?
Taste bias is a like or dislike linked to past positive or negative experiences
What is the difference between a professional and an amateur taste tester?
Professionals are trained to detect subtle differences; amateurs represent general consumers
Give an example of a government agency involved in food quality standards.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)
What sensory factor relates to how food feels in your mouth and hands?
Texture
Why do babies generally have more taste sensitivity than adults?
Babies have more taste sensitivity because taste buds are more active and numerous
How can culture influence food preferences?
Culture influences food preferences through beliefs, traditions, religion, and lifestyle
Name one method food scientists use to prevent bias during taste tests.
Using 3-digit codes, controlling environment (lighting, temperature), and randomizing samples
Why might food scientists manipulate the appearance of food?
To meet consumer expectations or improve appeal
How does color influence our perception of food quality?
Color influences perceived quality and expectations (e.g., red meat expected to be fresh)
What is taste blindness?
Taste blindness is the inability to distinguish certain tastes, often due to illness or genetics
Name two environmental factors that affect what people prefer to eat.
Geography, climate, food availability, and cost
Why should testers sip warm water between samples?
To cleanse the palate and avoid lingering flavors affecting the next sample
What are quality standards?
Established criteria to ensure consistent food quality
What is the term for the "mouth-puckering power" of sour foods?
Astringency
Name one factor that can temporarily reduce your ability to taste.
Sickness or colds can reduce the ability to taste
How do psychological factors affect food preferences?
Psychological factors include brand names, advertising, peer influence, and setting of taste tests
What is sensory bias, and how might it affect a taste test?
A tendency for testers to be influenced by opinions, past experiences, or environmental factors
How do quality standards help the food industries?
They provide a common language and measurable criteria for quality across producers and sellers
Where on the tongue are most taste buds located?
On the sides, back, and tip of the tongue
How can lighting and sound influence sensory evaluation results?
They can alter mood and perception, affecting taste evaluations (e.g., colored lights to hide true food color)
Why is it important to control environmental and psychological factors during taste tests?
To ensure fair and objective results by minimizing external influences on tasters
What is the role of quality control in food manufacturing?
Inspections, lab tests, sanitation oversight, and guiding product development
What is modified food display?
Changing how food looks to influence perception without altering the food itself