hearing (1)
the structure of the inner ear which contains the receptors for hearing (remember the organ of Corti and where it is!)
the cochlea
what is the structure of the inner ear which contains the receptors for equilibrium
the semi-circular canals
what does visceral pain refer to?
pain in the internal organs of the body
where is Aqueous humor found - the anterior or posterior chamber of the eyeball??
the anterior chamber -- remember behind the cornea and IN FRONT of the lens!
what does olfactory refer to?
sense of smell
what are the tiniest bones in our body and where are they found??
malleus, incus, stapes - they are found in the middle ear - these bones are AKA ossicles
the eustachian tubes lead from the MIDDLE EAR TO THE NASOPHARYNX.
the eustachian tubes also perform a function related to pressure - what is it?
the eustachian tubes equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) - remember when we fly we are encouraged to chew gum because it opens the eustachian tubes and equalizes pressure on both sides of the eardrums
1. what are the receptors for vision?
2. what type of receptors are located at the Fovea Centralis?
3. what type of receptors are more toward the periphery (the sides of the retina)
1. cones (color) and rods (shades and night vision)
2. highest concentration of CONES are located in this area
3. rods
what does pupil dilation and pupil constriction mean? and when does this occur
pupil dilation = pupils become wide - the diameter increases. This occurs in DIM light.
pupil constriction= pupils decrease in diameter. this occurs in bright light
1. what is the gustatory sense ?
2. on the tongue - where are sweets sensed the most?
3. on the tongue - where are bitter foods sensed the most ?
1. sense of taste
2. tip of the tongue
3. on the back of the tongue
what is cerumen and why is it important?
cerumen is the 'fancy' name for EAR WAX and it protects the ear drum (tympanic membrane) and keeps it lubricated and moist
1. does the ear have structures and receptors for both hearing and balance?
2. what is cranial nerve 8 called?
1. YES
2. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE - remember vestibule involves our balance and cochlea involves our hearing
what are nociceptors?
they are specialized receptors which give warning to potential harmful changes and are involved specifically in the sense of pain.
**what is the conjunctiva??**
A thin membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the front part of the eyeball
what is:
1. hyperopia
2. myopia
3. astigmatism
1. Hyperopia: Light lands behind the retina, causes farsightedness, person can see distance, but not close
2. Myopia: Light lands in front of the retina, causes nearsightedness, person can see close, but not distance
3. Astigmatism: irregularities in the curvature of the cornea and lens, eye can’t bring horizontal and vertical lines into focus at the same time, causing blurry vision.
what part of the brain receives impulses for hearing ?
the temporal lobe
1. what are the structures of the external ear?
2. what structure separates the external ear from the middle ear?
3. what are the structures of the middle ear?
1. pinna/auricle, external auditory meatus (ear canal) and tympanic membrane (EAR DRUM)
2. the tympanic membrane
3. the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) PLUS the eustachian tube
what are examples of special senses? and what makes them "SPECIAL"?
Special senses are those that have specialized organs devoted to them, such as vision, hearing and balance, smell, and taste
what does canthus mean? like inner canthus?
corner of the eye - inner canthus is the inner corner of the eye -close to the nose. the outer canthus is the outer corner of the eye - closer to the ear
1. what do the lacrimal glands do?
2. what do chemoreceptors sense?
1. produce tears - lacrimation
2. they sense taste and smell
what is the organ of Corti's "CLAIM TO FAME"?
the organ of Corti is the receptor for hearing - it is located in the cochlea
what part of the ear has the sole purpose of directing sound waves into the ear
the PINNA
what are proprioceptors?
Proprioceptors allow you to know where your body is in relation to the environment - for example: they allow you to walk through a dark room without bumping into objects
what do the intrinsic-ocular or intrinsic eye muscles do?
they dilate and constrict the pupil - remember they control the amount of light that enters into the eye.
what type of receptors are located high in the nasal cavity ?
chemoreceptors are special receptros for smell - olfaction