SEPSIS

Basics of Sepsis

100

What is sepsis?
A) A simple bloodstream infection
B) Life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response
C) Any infection requiring antibiotics

B) Life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response ✅

200

​What often triggers ~50% of sepsis cases?
A) Urinary tract infection
B) Pneumonia
C) Skin infection​

B) Pneumonia ✅

300

What does “cytokine storm” cause in sepsis?
A) Increased oxygen delivery

B) Reduced immune activity
C) Widespread inflammation

C) Widespread inflammation ✅

400

Which vital sign problem is common in septic shock?
A) Low blood pressure
B) High blood pressure
C) Stable blood pressure

A) Low blood pressure✅

500

What does “multi-organ dysfunction” mean in sepsis?
A) Only lungs are affected
B) Several organs fail at the same time
C) Muscles weaken but organs are normal

B) Several organs fail at the same time ✅

Clinical Challenges

100

What happens in ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)?
A) Air sacs collapse, blocking oxygen exchange
B) Kidneys stop filtering
C) Heart stops pumping

A) Air sacs collapse, blocking oxygen exchange ✅

200

Why do pressure ulcers form in septic patients?
A) Poor nutrition alone
B) Lack of movement + poor circulation
C) Fever and sweating

B) Lack of movement + poor circulation ✅

300

What is the main danger of septic shock?
A) High cholesterol
B) Fever spikes

C) Low blood pressure and poor oxygen delivery

C) Low blood pressure and poor oxygen delivery ✅

400

Sepsis can lead to brain dysfunction called:
A) Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
B) Alzheimer’s disease
C) Stroke

A) Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy ✅

500

What is the typical mortality rate in severe sepsis?
A) 5–10%
B) 25–40%
C) 80–90%

B) 25–40% ✅

Metabolic Changes

100

Why does stress hyperglycemia occur in sepsis?
A) Stress hormones increase blood sugar
B) Too much insulin
C) Lack of carbohydrates

A) Stress hormones increase blood sugar ✅

200

What is negative nitrogen balance?
A) More protein is lost than taken in
B) Extra protein is stored in muscles
C) Nitrogen levels rise in the blood

A) More protein is lost than taken in ✅

300

What is sarcopenic obesity?
A) Excess muscle with low fat
B) High fat + low muscle mass and strength
C) Obesity without health risks

B) High fat + low muscle mass and strength ✅

400

400: What nutrient losses worsen healing in sepsis?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Vitamin A only
C) Vitamins C & E, zinc, selenium 

C) Vitamins C & E, zinc, selenium ✅

500

Why is energy production inefficient in sepsis?
A) Mitochondrial dysfunction
B) Extra oxygen in tissues
C) Too much carbohydrate intake

A) Mitochondrial dysfunction ✅

Nutrition in Sepsis

100

What type of feeding is preferred in sepsis?
A) Parenteral nutrition
B) Enteral nutrition
C) Oral diet only

B) Enteral nutrition ✅

200

When should EN ideally start if stable?
A) Within 24–48 hours
B) After 1 week
C) After patient is discharged

A)Within 24–48 hours ✅

300

What is the protein recommendation for sepsis?
A) 0.5–0.8 g/kg/day
B) 3–4 g/kg/day

C)1.2–2.0 g/kg/day

C)1.2–2.0 g/kg/day ✅

400

Why is EN safer than PN?
A) It reduces bloodstream infections
B) It’s cheaper only
C) It avoids calories

A) It reduces bloodstream infections ✅

500

What is the BG (blood glucose) target for septic patients?
A) <100 mg/dL
B) 140–180 mg/dL
C) >250 mg/dL

B) 140–180 mg/dL ✅