Types of Shock
This shock occurs with massive blood loss.
Hypovolemic
What pro-inflammatory molecules cause the systemic "storm" in sepsis?
Cytokines
This type of medication should be administered within 1 hour of suspected sepsis?
Broad spectrum antibiotics.
Which dangerously high electrolyte at 5.6mmol/L can cause cardiac arrythmias?
Potassium
This chronic condition makes Mr. Thompson more susceptible to respiratory failure in sepsis?
COPD
This shock involves a failed pump, such as with decompensated heart failure.
Cardiogenic shock
This septic shock complication involves a cytokine storm and tissue injury that impair the body's clotting mechanisms and lead to a systemic and destructive runaway process?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
If the patient's MAP is below 65, which type of medication will help increase it?
Vasopressors.
Low levels of this protein, like Mr. Thompson had at 28g/L can cause or worsen third spacing and edema?
Albumin
This result of 8.2% shows Mr. Thompson's diabetes was poorly controlled before admission.
A1C
The classic cardiac Beck's triad occurs in this type of shock?
Obstructive shock (cardiac tamponade)
Mr. Thompson is NPO yet his blood glucose is 14.6mmol/L. What is the cause of this?
Stress hyperglycemia.
With a BG of 14mmol/L and metformin held, which medication will most likely be prescribed?
Short-acting insulin.
This non-specific marker is a response to inflammation. Mr. Thompson was 210!
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Patients with CKD are at an increased risk of this metabolic imbalance during sepsis?
Metabolic acidosis
Mr. Thompson from the case study was most likely experiencing this kind of shock?
Distributive shock (septic shock)
This pre-existing condition and comorbidity for sepsis affects creatinine.
CKD - renal insufficiency
In addition to vasopressors, administration of this helps improve the patient's blood pressure, increase tissue perfusion, and increase blood volume?
IV fluids.
This is a reliable predictor of mortality in sepsis, the higher the level, the higher the mortality. It is a measure of cellular hypoxia.
Lactate.
The many comorbidities Mr. Thompson has and prescribed medications increases the risk of drug-drug reactions and side effects and is called?
Polypharmacy
This is the most common type of shock, approximately 60% of cases?
Septic Shock
Mr. Thompson has a narrowing pulse pressure. This is a sign of a drop in blood pumped per beat, also called?
Stroke volume.
This is a first-line vasopressor recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign protocol?
Norepinephrine.
This level shows the difference between cations and anions and can identify metabolic acidosis.
Anion gap
This comorbidity causes a rightward shift in cerebral autoregulation curve and rapid low blood pressure leaves him more susceptible to hypoperfusion?
Chronic hypertension