Antihistamines & Decongestants
Antihistamines are called histamine antagonists for this reason.
What is - drugs that compete with histamine for specific receptor sites.
Name two non-opiod anti-tussives
What is - Dextromethorphan and Benzonatate
What is - bradycardia with reflex tachycardia, postural/orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, drowsiness, constipation and sexual dysfunction.
Common side effect of the ACE inhibitor Lisinopril
What is - dry cough
Which of these needs laboratory monitoring with administration: Heparin or Enoxaparin?
A contraindication to using antihistamines.
What is - an acute asthma attack, narrow-angle glaucoma, cardiac disease, kidney disease, hypertension, COPD, Peptic Ulcer Disease, BPH or Pregnancy.
Name three contraindications to giving an anti-tussive
What is - Hyperthyroidism, use of MAOIs within the past 14 days, COPD, Renal or Liver impairments and BPH.
Name two angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Captopril, Benazepril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril, Quinapril, Perindopril, Fosinopril.
What is - Bradycardia, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea and double vision (yellow halos around lights)
What is the black box warning for factor Xa inhibitors?
What is - not to use in patients with indwelling epidural catheters because it can cause spinal hematomas
This antihistamine acts centrally on CNS and has sedating effects
What is - Diphenhydramine/Benadryl
Name one short-acting and one long-acting beta adrenergic agonist medication.
What is - Albuterol (Ventolin, Proair) or Levoalbuterol (Xopenex) for short-acting and Salmerterol (Serevent Diskus) or Fluticasone (Breo Ellipta) for long-acting.
Explain the mechanism of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
What is - block the binding of angiotensin II to type 1 angiotensin II receptors, blocks vasoconstriction and the secretion of aldosterone.
List two class IV drugs used to treat dysrhythmias
Which coagulation modifer medication should not be used in children or teenagers due to risk of Reye's syndrome
What is - Aspirin
What is - adrenergics (sympathomimetics), anticholinergics (parasympatholytics) and corticosteroids.
Name two adverse effects of anti-cholinergics.
Explain the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers
What is - prevents calcium from entering heart and vascular smooth muscle cells which prevents muscle contraction and promotes relaxation. Arteries throughout the body dilate, increasing blood flow to the ischemic heart.
List adverse effects of anti-dysrhythmic drug Procainamide
What is - Ventricular dysrhythmias, systemic lupus erythematosus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rash and torsades to pointes
Explain why nasal decongestants can cause rebound congestion.
What is - due to rapid absorption of the medication through the mucous membranes can cause congestion/reduces effectiveness of the medicine and leads to overuse and dependence.
Which type of respiratory drugs cause bronchodilation by increasing the levels of cAMP?
What are - Xanthines.
What is - Apply patch at same time each day, use only one patch at a time, clean residue off skin before applying new patch, avoid skinfolds, hairy areas or below knees or elbows for placing patches. Encourage rotation of sites to prevent irritation.
Explain the mechanism of action of beta blockers for heart failure patients.
What is - blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation to the heart, prevents catecholamine-mediated actions on the heart, which results in reduced HR, delay in AV node conduction, reduced myocardial contractility and decreased myocardial automaticity.
Explain the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe (Zetia)
What is - selectively inhibits absorption of cholesterol and related sterols in the small intestine - resulting in reduction of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels.