scientific Method
a tentative, testable explanation for an observed phenomenon
1.
hypothesis
what are some positive uses for radiation?
6. PET scans, chemotherapy
Name all the bases and which base they pair with for DNA and RNA?
11. DNA: A-T, C-G
RNA: A-U C-G
what types of organisms fall under proyarkyotes?
16. bacteria and archea, usually single celled organisms
What types of organisms have eukaryotic cells
21. plants and animals
a generalization explaining many observations. has been tested but no evidence has been found to disprove it.
2. Theory
organic molecules always include ___ and ___.
7. carbon and hydrogen
Name two differences in RNA and DNA
12. DNA: double helix, double-strand, adenine
RNA: single strand, no double helix, uracil
ect.
the region in a prokaryotic cell where a single bacterial chromosome is located
17. Nucleoid
name two differences between plant cells and animal cells
22. vacoule size, cell wall, chloroplasts, lysosomes
all theories become principles but not all theories become ____.
3. Laws
polymers are split apart into monomers by a _____reaction and monomers joined together to create a polymer by a ____ reaction.
8. hydrolysis and dehydration
these are important to understand later when we go deeper into what happens in the cell.
Which bond is stronger A-T or C-G and why?
13. C-G because it has a triple hydrogen bond rather than 2
What do prokaryotes lack that eukaryotes have.
18. membrane bound organelles, nucleus.
what is one structure that prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common. (extra.. why do you think prokaryotes and eukaryotes both need this)
23. ribosomes, because both need to make proteins.
In an experiment, you must have 3 people in each group (control and treatment) why?
4. A higher number of people tested will increase the credibility of the experimentation. Reduces the risk of having extreme outliers skew the data.
low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) add cholesterol to the plaque in your arteries, what removes it?
Total cholesterol = LDL + ___ + triglycerides
9. high-density lipoprotein
in DNA and RNA the nitrogen base changes on each "rung" of the ladder, what two components stay constant?
14. phosphate and pentose sugar.
name one structural part of a proyarkote and what it does. (besides nucleoid)
19. multiple answers, cell wall, flagellum, ribosome, fimbrae
name 2 organelles in a eukaryote and their function
24. multiple answers
you are running an experiment to find out if students who study more make better scores. In the end, your conclusion is that studying more creates better scores. What is the dependent and independent variable?
5. dependent: scores
independent: study time
there are 20 common amino acids. When looking at the structural formula, the amino group (-NH2) and the acidic group (-COOH) stay constant in each amino acid.
What is the part that changes and determines the uniqueness of the amino acid called?
10. the R group
DNA holds genetic material in the cell. RNA carries information from DNA to the ribosome. Why?
15. to make protiens. (called protien synthesis)
liz has more bacteria than cells in her body! Is she sick or dying?
20. No you naturally have more bacteria than cells in your body. They can be good for you!
what is a posible reason as to why plant cells need cell walls where animals don't?
25. plants need structure to stad tall, animals have bones and muscles for that.