Definitions 1
_________is used to describe severe problems related to the compulsive and habitual use of mood altering substances.
Addiction
_______ is a process in which the same amount of a drug begins to have less effect or when the amount of a drug needs to be increased to have the same effect as before.
Tolerance
A ____ ____ ____ is the use of mood-altering drugs that interferes with or has a negative effect on a person’s life.
substance use disorder
_______ make the heart beat faster and harder than normal, and they raise blood pressure.
Stimulants
________ can change the user’s mood, thinking, and behavior by affecting the level of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Stimulants
___-____ occurs when two drugs have similar physical effects. One is often substituted for the other when it, usually the primary drug of choice, is not available.
Cross-tolerance
_____ ______ are substances that can change people’s moods or feelings. These include stimulants, depressants (including alcohol), and hallucinogens.
Psychoactive drugs
_____ ______ occur when individuals with physical dependence to alcohol or other drugs cut down or stop taking the drug and experience symptoms that are typically the opposite of the effect produced by the drug.
Withdrawal symptoms
________ is a period of negative feelings that occurs when the use of a substance is stopped.
Withdrawal
A _________ occurs when someone believes he or she sees, hears, or touches something that does not exist.
hallucination
______is a psychological defense mechanism that protects people from seeing the harsh realities of their addiction.
Denial
____ _____ _____ are the effects that a drug has on a person shortly after the drug is taken.
Primary drug effects
______ _____ _____ are those actions that occur when a person takes a large amount of a drug or takes a drug over a long period of time.
Secondary drug effects
Stimulants frequently cause stimulant users to think others are out to get them or are trying to make them do something against their will. This is known as______
paranoia
Addictive drugs are called ________ or mood-altering because they can change a person’s mood or feelings.
psychoactive
_____ _____ occurs when the user replaces his or her primary drug with a secondary drug that is not cross-tolerant, such as cocaine and alcohol, which have different physical effects.
Drug switching
_____ ______ results from prolonged exposure to a mood-altering drug. The cells in the body become accustomed to the drug and begin to adapt to the presence of that drug. When this happens, the body appears to be in balance only when the drug is present.
Physical dependence
_____ ______, also known as kindling, occurs when the user’s body becomes extremely sensitive to a drug, causing an extreme reaction, such as a seizure or a psychotic episode.
Reverse tolerance
The seven common stimulant drugs are: name 4
cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine (meth), amphetamine-related prescription pills (which include Ritalin and some diet pills), over-the-counter stimulant pills, caffeine, and nicotine.
When people use high doses of such powerful stimulants as amphetamines or cocaine over a long period of time, they may have a severe break with reality called a _____ ______.
psychotic break
___________ are naturally occurring chemicals in the brain that carry messages between special cells called neurons (which make up nerves).
Neurotransmitters
___ ____ ____ are the effects that a drug has on a person shortly after the drug is taken.
Primary drug effects
_____-_____ _____occurs when individuals use both a primary drug and one or more secondary drugs, frequently taking depressants and stimulants together. Because the stimulant and the depressant counteract each other, individuals with large amounts of both drugs may not feel very intoxicated and can consume very large amounts of both drugs, with potentially dangerous effects
Upper-downer cycle
After a long period of using a powerful stimulant, a person’s _________ may be temporarily used up.
neurotransmitters
When people continue to use strong stimulants over a long period of time and/or in large doses, they may experience something called_____.
delirium