Early OK & Native Cultures
These are two examples of geographic features or natural resources that influenced where early peoples lived in Oklahoma.
What is Rivers, Grasslands, Forests, Fertile soil, Wildlife/Bison, Water, Stone, Natural Resources
This is the movement of plants, animals, diseases, technologies, people and other goods between the Americas and Europe/Africa following European contact.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This president signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Who is Andrew Jackson?
These are the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma
Who are the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole?
This is an archaeological site where hunters killed and processed bison. It provides evidence about hunting practices, tools, cooperation and the importance of bison.
What is the Cooper Bison Kill Site?
This animal was introduced by Europeans to Native peoples and dramatically changed transportation, hunting and warfare for Natives.
What is the horse?
The Indian Removal Act required authorized the president to do this to Native peoples.
What is remove/relocate?
This Muscogee leader opposed siding with the Confederacy and led his followers to resist the South in the Civil War.
Who is Opothleyahola?
This was a major ceremonial and trade center where artifacts were found that demonstrate sophisticated religious practices, social organization, craftsmanship and long-distance trade.
What are the Spiro Mounds?
Exposure to these due to European contact caused devastating consequences to Native tribes through population loss.
What is diseases such as smallpox?
This man was Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation who opposed removal of his people to Indian Territory through petitions, political lobbying and the courts.
Who is John Ross?
These are some reasons why Native Nations were divided about loyalty to each side during the Civil War.
What is slavery, distrust of the US government, security and protection concerns, and differing ideas about how to protect tribal sovereignty?
These two Native cultures we studied developed permanent agricultural communities in or near present-day Oklahoma.
Who are the Caddo & Wichita?
This region is where the Arkansas, Verdigris, & Grand/Neosho Rivers come together and became an important center for trade and transportation.
What is Three Forks?
A small group of Cherokee representatives and political leaders signed this treaty without authorization from the Cherokee government which was protested by people like John Ross?
What is the Treaty of New Echota?
This was the desperate flight of thousands of Native people toward Kansas during the Civil War after facing conflict with Confederate forces.
What is the Trail of Blood on Ice?
What is advanced/complex/organized?
These provided transportation routes and trading posts, connecting Native peoples and outside markets and forts such as Fort Gibson provided military presence along them.
What are rivers?
The Supreme Court ruled in this court case that the Cherokee nation should be recognized as a soverign nation and Georgia laws cannot be forced on them.
What is Worcester v Georgia?