Asexual
The production of offspring whose genes all come from one parent (without the fusion of egg and sperm).
asexual reproduction
a daughter grows on the mother until "complete enough" to survive, then falls off to grow as a copy of the mother
budding
What is the production of offspring by the fusion of haploid gametes (eggs & sperm) from two parents to form a diploid zygote (fertilized egg).
sexual reproduction
One advantage of sexual reproduction is that new traits can arise in offspring. How/why is this beneficial?
variety of answers
(better suited for survival)
A cell copies its genetic material, stretches, pinches in the middle and then "splits" resulting a second cell- how do the two cells compare?
they are uniform/identical
Why would animals reproduce asexually?
A variety of answers could be used.
A fertilized egg
zygote
Fish and amphibians typically reproduce via this strategy.
external fertilization
What is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical blood cells, nerve cells, etc... (does NOT involve gametes)
mitosis
offspring produced by a cutting or runner of the parent plant
vegetative propagation
True or False: in sexual reproduction, each parent donates all of their genetic material; the male and female genetic material mixes, the offspring inheriting all of that material.
False; each parent donates half of their material
What is an advantage of organisms' existence that sexually reproduce?
Sexual reproduction increases variability in the population – important during times of environmental change
Offspring that are produced from a "piece" of the parent are a result of which type of asexual reproduction?
fragmentation/regeneration
Name two advantages of asexual reproduction?
Animals living far from members of their own species can reproduce without having to search for a mate.
Numerous offspring quickly – ideal for colonizing a new area.
Advantageous in a stable, favorable environment because it reproduces a successful genotype precisely.
What are the disadvantages or cost of sexual reproduction versus asexual reproduction
More complicated, finding a mate.
Requires more time.
Uses more energy.
The cost of meiosis to the female is passage of only half of her genes to offspring.
Production of males reduces resources for females that could produce eggs.
Slower population growth
what is it called when fertilization takes place outside the female’s body.
external fertilization
During times of "stress," an organism that typically reproduces sexually may "switch" and reproduce asexually resulting in clones of the mother
parthogenesis
Name two disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Identical offspring respond in the same way to the environment, therefore if there is an environmental change they face extinction.
Same diseases can be transferred to the next generation.
No variation within species, will not allow for evolution with changing enviornment.
what type of organism typically reproduces sexually (think about yesterday!)
complex organisms
Describe what the phrase "genetic diversity" means.
variety of responses acceptable