The Red Cross
Henri Dunant saw this battlefield in 1859
What was Solferino in Italy with more than 40,000 dead and wounded
Name two of the four reasons people will NOT help in an emergency
What are Bystander Effect, Unpleasant injuries or illnesses, Fear of catching a disease, Doing something wrong or causing more harm
What do you look for when you check the scene
What is,is the scene safe for you, the casualty and any bystanders? Meaning hazards, spilled chemicals, broken glass or wires, hostile bystanders, oncoming traffic, poisonous atmosphere (gas, propane or other unusual odors) potential for falling objects, unstable structures, alarms, or detectors for smoke or carbon monoxide
What is the universal sign for "I'm choking!"
What is hands grasping the throat. Fussing in infants.
How much blood does the typical person have?
4.7 to 5.2 liters.
CPR and AED are acronyms for what?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillation.
Symptoms of Asthma
Trouble breathing, gasping for air, wheezing or coughing. Inability to say more than a few words without pausing to breathe. Tightness in the chest.
What part of the body is the human infection barrier?
The skin, the largest organ in the body. Breaks in the skin mean the potential risk of infection. Seek medical attention if the wound is red, there is swelling or discharge in the days following the injury.
1885 during the Northwest Rebellion in Canada Dr. George Ryerson made this
What was a red cross stitched to a white background on a wagon to transport wounded, one of the first Red Cross flags ever flown in Canada
You have consent to give first aid if...
What is when the casualty is unresponsive, confused or has a mental impairment, called Implied Consent. If a child or baby is alone without a caregiver, you can assume you have permission to give first aid.
What do you check when you check the Person?
What is ABC, Airway, Breathing and Circulation. Do they have a good airway? Are they breathing properly? Is there any obvious bleeding?
Casualty can cough and breathe. What kind of choking is that and what is the First Aid you can provide?
Partial choking, encourage them to cough harder and harder. Call EMS/911. Nothing by mouth as that may cause a complete choke.
Heart Attack occurs when the heart cannot get enough oxygen because of a blockage in the arteries that feed it. What are some symptoms of a heart attack?
Pain, pressure, tightness in the chest, pain radiating from the chest to the arms, shoulders, jaw, back or neck. Cool, pale, sweaty skin. Heartburn that doesn't go away. Feeling listless like a low-grade fever, non-localized pain in the back. Female symptoms are sometimes different from male symptoms.
How many compressions and rescue breaths for CPR?
30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths
To help with a rescue inhaler what do you do first?
Shake the blue rescue inhaler 3 or 4 times to prepare the rescue inhaler, with or without a spacer.
When do you call EMS/911 for burns
The burns make it difficult for the person to breathe, the burns were caused by chemicals, electricity or an explosion, the burns are full thickness or the burns cover the face, neck, hands, genitals or a larger surface area, (ie, bigger than the palm of your hand)
1896 Dr. Ryerson founded the first overseas branch of which countries' Red Cross
What was the overseas branch of the British Red Cross and eventually became the Canadian Red Cross
A person refuses care you should...
What is you must honour their wishes. Stay nearby. Call EMS/911 especially if you believe the injuries are life threatening. Tell the dispatcher that the person requires medical assistance but is refusing help.
What do we mean by Call?
Call EMS/911. Call for help. Call for a bystander to help. Get the two smart people with a truck full of gear coming to you and your casualty.
Casualty cannot cough or breathe. What kind of choking is it and what First Aid can you provide?
What is Complete Choking. Call EMS/911. Combination of Abdominal J-Thrusts, Back Blows or Chest Thrusts, five of any two of the three. Keep physical contact with the casualty because they may go unresponsive without air and we don't want them to fall and further injure themselves.
Do we give a suspected heart attack casualty any medication?
We can help them if they have two low-dose (81 mg) or one regular strength acetylsalicylic (ASA) tablets. Tell the casualty to chew them. ASA is a blood platelet thinner and will not interfere with any treatment at the hospital. Common brand name for ASA tablets is Aspirin. Chewing breaks the enteric coating on the ASA tablet and gets it into the bloodstream faster
How deep are the compressions for CPR on an adult and an infant or child?
Adult 2 inches, about 2 fingers width. Infant and child is 1/3 (one third) of the chest depth
The casualty does not improve after taking their rescue inhaler medication, what do you do?
Call EMS/911. Rescue inhaler medication works very quickly.
Are electrical burns an EMS/911 call?
Yes and look for the entry and exit burn, there are often TWO burns.
Name four of the seven fundamental principles of the Red Cross
Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity Universality
Name three of the four roles as a First Aider
What are Recognize the Emergency, Protect yourself, the ill or injured and bystanders, Access help with EMS/911, Act according to your skills, knowledge and comfort level
Vital Signs we collect and why?
What are Breathing (normal, fast, or laboured) Responsiveness (Alert and hurt, losing responsiveness, fading out) Skin: Cool, or Clammy, or Pale, or Flushed, or hot. EMT's use vital signs to establish order of treatment and determine care as vital signs change over time.
Person choking in restaurant, runs to the restroom, what do you do?
Follow them. Offer First Aid if they are choking. Ensure EMS/911 has been called. Provide First Aid for either Partial Choking or Complete Choking.
What does FAST stand for and what are you looking for when you suspect a stroke?
Face, is it drooping on one side or the other? Arms, can they lift both arms above their head at the same time? Speech, can they say their home address without difficulty? Time, when did you find them exhibiting symptoms. Write it on their forehead for hospital staff to help with other medications that may be given.
What do you do if rescue breaths do NOT go in? (You don't see the chest rising)
If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and try another breath. If that does not work, do 30 compressions, then look in the casualty's mouth for an obstruction. Sweep it out, if visible and give one breath. If it goes in give a second breath and back to 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths.
Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Rash on skin, hives, high-pitched breathing sounds, dizziness, stomach issues. Call EMS/911. Ask if they have an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen is the most common brand name)
Nosebleed first aid is what?
Pinch nose between cartilage and bone, lean head forward and hold for 10 to 15 minutes.
Three of these are correct symbols of the ICRC: Cone, Cross, Crescent, Cube, Crystal,
What are Cross, Crescent and Crystal: the others are NOT symbols of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
True or False: Hand Sanitizer is always better than hand washing with soap and water
What is FALSE: Hand sanitizer is only a temporary measure until you can wash your hands with soap and water. Hand sanitizer cannot properly clean visibly soiled hands
SAMPLE questions
Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medication, Past Medical History, Last intake by mouth, food or drink, Events leading up to the event
Describe the First Aid for a choking infant?
Get parents to call EMS/911. Support the head and neck with the 'football' carry. Five back blows and five chest thrusts. Check the mouth after each series. If you see an object, sweep it out, from side to side with a finger
What is the first aid for life-threatening external bleeding?
Apply firm, direct pressure, Call EMS/911, bandage the dressing in place. If blood soaks through, add another dressing (and another and another) if need be. Do not remove the dressings, as they may form clots and removing the earlier dressings breaks the clots and reopens the bleeding
What do you do if the AED pads do not fit on the chest, for example on an infant?
One pad on the center of the chest, one pad on the back, opposite the chest pad, the "sandwich" placement.
How do you help someone with an epinephrine auto-injector?
"Blue to the sky, orange to the thigh" Remove the safety cap, firmly press the tip of the auto-injector against the outer thigh, hold in place for 5 to 10 seconds, then rub the injection site for 30 seconds
Tooth is knocked out for whatever reason, what is the first aid?
Have the casualty bite down on a clean dressing to stop the bleeding. Pick up the tooth by the crown (the white part) and get the person to the dentist as soon as possible. Protect the tooth by putting it in egg white, coconut water or whole milk, or wrap it in gauze with some of their own saliva
True or False? Anyone with first aid training can display the Red Cross
What is False: Only the Red Cross and the medical services of the armed forces has the right to use the symbols in Canada
Name two types of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
What are non-latex disposable gloves, CPR breathing barriers, procedure masks, disposable gowns, face masks.
When do you treat for Shock?
Every time.
Choking by yourself, what do you do?
Call EMS/911 even if you can't speak. Get to a door, or window where you can be seen by others. Abdominal thrusts against a chair or sturdy table.
Where can you apply a tourniquet?
Arms or legs. One hand-width above the injury and one hand-width below a joint. Always document the time it was applied. Only hospital medical staff should release the tourniquet.
Can you use an AED in water?
No, as everyone will be shocked. You can use an AED on snow, ice, or leaves, as long as you dry the chest. Follow the AED prompts.
Does an epinephrine auto-injector cure anaphylaxis?
No, it only buys time to get to medical attention. Anaphylaxis is an EMS/911 call, or transport to hospital.
How do we provide first aid for an impaled object?
Call EMS/911. Leave the object in place. Stabilize it without putting pressure on it. The only reason to remove it is if the object stops you from caring for a life-threatening condition.