Blood
What blood type is the universal donor
O negative
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as this compound
CO2
What is the first heart sound caused by?
Closing of the AV valve
When does production of oocytes begin
In utero (before birth)
What factor leads to the common pathway in the extrisic pathway?
Factor VII
This protein reduces surface tension
The chordae tendineae attach these valves to the papillary muscles.
Tricuspid and mitral valves
This structure stores sperm cells
Epididymis
This protein maintains plasma oncotic pressure in the blood
Albumin
What does breathing change to during pregancy
Changes to costal breathing as opposed to diaghrmatic
What is max heart rate in a person
220 - age
What hormone in the female reproductive system spikes and why?
LH because estrogen levels are high and switches to positive feedback causing a surge in LH
What three chemical signals are released during platelet activation to attract more platlets
ADP, serotonin and vwf (accept thrombaxane A2)
TV + IRC + ERV = ?
Vital Capacity
At what voltage do calcium channels open in the nodal cell
-40mV
The acrosome reaction in sperm allows for what key process to occur?
This compound binds to the haemoglobin β-chains and decreases oxygen affinity, shifting the dissociation curve to the right.
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3BPG)
The efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs depends on the matching of these two factors
alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood perfusion
What 5 factors promote venous return (100 points each)
1. Gravity/postural change
2. Muscle Pumps
3. Resp. pump
4. Venoconstriction (ANS)
5. Blood volume (regulated by the kidney)
What does fast Na+ do when a sperm implants in an egg
Depolarises cell and creates an electrical barrier so further sperm can't get in and cause polyploidy (block to polyspermy)