Blood
Platelets primarily reside in which layer of blood after it is centrifuged?
Buffy coat
Name the four valves of the heart
Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic valve
How many sticky dots are used in a 12-lead ECG?
10
When does interstitial fluid become 'lymph'?
When it enters the vessel
What is the name of the chart used to determine stool consistency?
Bristol stool chart
Where is fibrinogen made?
Liver
Which mediastinum section is the heart located?
Middle (inferior) mediastinum
What is the name of the opposite view to Lead 2?
aVR
What is the name of the lymph node that collects from the leg and foot?
Popliteal ndoe
If I smoked 10 cigarettes a day for 10 years, what is my pack-years?
5 years (10/20 x 10)
What condition can make the buffy coat layer visibly thicker?
Leukemia
What is the name of the cardiac ligament that is an embryological remnant?
Ligamentum arteriosum (accept ductus arteriosus)
What does P-R interval on an ECG mainly represent?
Time from atrial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation
What is the name of the lymph node that collects from the forearm and arm?
Cubital node
Is stridor typically heard when breathing inhaling of exhaling?
Inhaling
Lack of EPO production
Which pericardiac sinus is of clinical significance?
Transverse pericardiac sinus (clamped for heart surgery)
On a normal ECG, when would you expect ventricular contraction to begin (i.e. the start of ventricular systole)?
Approximately half way through the QRS complex
What percentage of the fluid lost at the arterial end of the capillary bed is reclaimed into the blood at the venous end?
85%
What is the clinical term for waking at nightime with difficulty breathing? not just the acronym
PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea)
What makes platelets 'spikey'?
Thromboxane A2
What are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve called?
Anterior, posterior, septal cusp
What degree on the ECG axis is lead 2 on?
60 degrees
When do primary lymphoid follicles become secondary lymphoid follicles?
When B-cells are activated by antigens and the follicle develops a germinal centre
For a healthy adult without diabetes, a normal, non-fasting blood glucose level is generally in what range?
4-7.8mmol