BLS / ACLS
This is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR with a single rescuer.
What is 30:2?
This IV induction agent is known for causing hypotension due to vasodilation.
What is propofol?
This device delivers oxygen at high concentration and includes a reservoir bag.
What is a non-rebreather mask?
This principle refers to the patient’s right to make their own medical decisions.
What is autonomy?
A patient becomes hypoxic after induction; the first immediate action is to ensure this.
What is check airway patency and start bag-mask ventilation?
This is the first drug given in cardiac arrest regardless of rhythm.
What is epinephrine?
This anesthetic agent is preferred in asthmatics due to bronchodilation.
What is ketamine?
This airway device sits above the glottis and does not require laryngoscopy.
What is an LMA (laryngeal mask airway)?
This is the ethical and legal requirement to explain risks, benefits, and alternatives before a procedure.
What is informed consent?
In a patient with asthma undergoing anesthesia, this induction agent is preferred.
What is ketamine?
These are the two shockable rhythms in ACLS.
What are ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia?
This local anesthetic has the highest risk of cardiotoxicity.
What is bupivacaine?
This system measures invasive blood pressure continuously using a transducer.
What is an arterial line?
This principle means “do no harm.”
What is non-maleficence?
A patient develops hypotension after spinal anesthesia due to this mechanism.
What is sympathetic blockade causing vasodilation?
This waveform confirms effective chest compressions during CPR and helps assess ROSC.
What is capnography (ETCO₂ monitoring)?
This opioid is commonly used intraoperatively due to its rapid onset and short duration
What is fentanyl?
This part of the anesthesia machine removes CO₂ from exhaled gases.
What is the soda lime canister (CO₂ absorber)?
This situation arises when a patient cannot consent and urgent treatment is required to save life.
What is an emergency exception to consent (implied consent)?
During intubation, oxygen saturation drops rapidly in an obese patient due to reduced this.
What is functional residual capacity (FRC)?
These are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest remembered as 5 H’s and 5 T’s. (NEED ALL 10 CAUSES)
What are:
hypoxia, hypovolemia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypo/hyperkalemia, hypothermia;
toxins, tamponade cardiac , tension pneumothorax, thrombosis cardiac, thrombosis pulmonary
This inhalational agent has a low blood-gas partition coefficient, leading to rapid induction and recovery.
What is sevoflurane?
This safety system prevents delivery of a hypoxic gas mixture by linking oxygen flow to other gases.
What is the fail-safe mechanism / oxygen proportioning system?
This ethical issue involves deciding whether to continue or withdraw life-sustaining treatment in ICU patients.
What is end-of-life decision-making / withdrawal of care?
A patient is paralyzed but cannot be intubated or ventilated; this is the next life-saving step.
What is emergency surgical airway (cricothyrotomy)?