Musculoskeletal system.
Identify your trapezius muscle.
Below the neck on either side of the spine (above the shoulder joint).
What's the anatomical term for bending your elbow when taking a Basketball free throw?
Flexion.
Which nutrient is responsible for building strong bones & teeth?
Calcium.
Identify the 2 different types of practice which athletes can utilise to improve their performance.
Massed & distributed practice.
Which class of lever is seen in the body when bending your neck?
First class lever.
What is the anatomical term for the shin bone?
Tibia.
What is the anatomical term meaning 'closer to the middle of the body'?
Medial.
List at least 3 different micronutrients (other than Calcium).
Answers may include:
Potassium, Iron, Phosphorous, Vitamin A/C/B/D, etc., Selenium, Iodine, Manganese, etc.
In what situation/context would part practice be best used to learn a new skill?
Provide a sporting example of its application to a sport/event.
Answers may include:
When a skill is particularly complex & difficult to master.
E.g. a Tennis serve, learning to juggle, learning how to swim Butterfly, learning a Basketball lay-up, etc.
Outline the 3 key factors which affect the distance travelled by a projectile.
Velocity (speed) of release, height of release & angle of release.
List at least 3 different functions of the human skeletal system.
Answers may include:
Support, protection, enables movement (by attaching to the skeletal muscles), storage of nutrients (e.g. Calcium) & red blood cell production.
What is the term used to describe the position of the foot in relation to the knee?
Distal.
Which macronutrient should comprise the greatest proportion of a person's diet & which should comprise the least & why?
Why: the body's preferred energy source.
Smallest proportion of diet: Protein.
Why: required for the maintenance & repair of various tissues, including muscle, skin, bone, etc.
Outline the stages of learning that an athlete progresses through, from Aus Kick as a child, to joining an AFL club as an 18 year-old.
Answer may include:
Aus Kick: cognitive stage.
Junior footy: associative stage.
AFL club: autonomous stage.
Explain how the principle of force summation can be applied by an athlete when throwing a cricket ball as far as possible from the boundary line.
Answer may include:
The cricketer should take several steps before releasing the ball, rotate their hips & torso to create momentum & follow through with their throwing arm after releasing the ball.
Outline at least 1 key difference between smooth, cardiac & skeletal muscle tissue & provide an example of where each type of muscle tissue can be found in the human body.
Answers may include:
-Smooth muscle is involuntary & is found within the digestive system & in various organs.
-Cardiac muscle is involuntary & is only found in the heart.
-Skeletal muscle is voluntary & is found attached to the bones of the skeleton (e.g. bicep).
Extend your arms in a T shape out to the sides of your body. Move your arm in small circles - what is the name for this type of movement occurring at the shoulder joint?
Circumduction.
What are the 3 different types of fats? Provide an example of a food which contains each type.
Saturated fats: meat, full cream milk, butter, etc.
Unsaturated fats: olive oil, oily fish, avocados, nuts, etc.
Trans fats: pastries, biscuits, fried foods, fast food, etc.
Explain what transference is & how it applies to different sports/events, using specific examples.
Transference relates to the application of a specific skill/movement from one sport/event to another with similar skill requirements.
E.g. skateboarders, snowboarders & surfers would all be expected to demonstrate a high degree of transference.
Provide an example of a sport/event where a higher angle of release (greater than 45 degrees) & a lower angle of release (less than 45 degrees) would be advantageous for performance.
Answers may include:
Higher angle of release: pole vault, high jump, somersault, Badminton serve, etc.
Lower angle of release: triple jump, lawn bowls, a straight drive in Cricket, etc.
Ligaments attach bone to other bones (e.g. the anterior cruciate ligament; ACL), whilst tendons attach muscles to bones (e.g. the Achilles tendon, which attaches the calf to the heel).
Provide a sporting example of an isotonic concentric, isotonic eccentric & isometric exercise.
Answers may include:
Isotonic concentric: up phase of a bicep curl.
Isotonic eccentric: down phase of a bicep curl.
Isometric: plank hold.
Compare & contrast the expected pre-event meal of a Tour De France cyclist with that of an Olympic power lifter.
Explain which nutrients would be found in each food group & the role of each nutrient in the body.
Answers may include:
The cyclist would be expected to consume a large amount of carbohydrates (e.g. rice, potatoes, pasta, etc.), which would provide a long-lasting source of energy.
The power lifter would be expected to consume more protein-rich foods (e.g. eggs, meat, beans, etc.), which ensure that their muscles are optimally recovered in preparation for their event.
Explain how the concepts of knowledge of performance, knowledge of results, intrinsic & extrinsic feedback are all related.
Knowledge of results relates most closely to extrinsic feedback, whereby the athlete is aware of the outcome of a specific skill (e.g. shooting for goal in Netball), whilst knowledge of performance aligns most closely with intrinsic feedback, whereby the athlete understands the process of executing a specific skill.
Explain how increasing the base of support also helps to increase a person's stability.
Provide an example of a sport/event where athletes intentionally increase their base of support for more balance, & an example of one where athletes reduce their base of support for decreased stability.
Answers may include:
Increasing a person's base of support increases their stability by spreading their body parts across a greater area.
Increasing the base of support is useful for golfers when executing a golf swing, batting in Cricket, etc.
Decreasing the base of support would be useful for swimmers when crouching on the starting blocks, 100m sprinters when in the ready position, etc.