SHARKS
These are found on the side of a shark's head
What are gills?
The common name for a skate's leathery, keratin-rich egg pouches with long horns
What is a mermaid purse?
This ray has a venomous barb on its tail, which it uses as a defence mechanism against predators
What are stingrays?
Batoidea is considered this kind of taxonomic distinction
Superorder
This ray cannot use gill ventilation and must rely on ram ventilation like most sharks do.
What are manta rays?
Over one third of sharks are classified as this by the IUCN Red List
What are endangered species?
This distinction of the lower body is very helpful when differentiating between skates and rays
What are dual-lobed pelvic fins?
Gills are found on this part of a ray
What is the bottom/underside of the head?
This many years ago, Elasmobranchii separated from Holocephalii
What is 420 million years ago?
This shark can manually move water through its gills like a skate or ray
What are sand tiger sharks?
Instead of scales, sharks have these sandpaper-like things to help protect against predators, prevent algae development, and increases hydrodynamic function
What are dermal denticles?
This is how skates feed on bottom-dwelling creatures
What is bioturbation?
This is the best jumper of the Batoidea
What are devil rays?
Scientists age sharks by counting these
What are cartilaginous vertebral rings?
These sharks are oviparous but instead of the usual shape of egg pouch, they produce corkscrew shaped eggs
What are bullhead sharks or horn sharks?
What is ram ventilation?
All skates live in saltwater, except for one recorded species in Tasmania
What is the Maugean skate?
What is dorsoventrally flattened?
The dilution rate that sharks can smell blood in water (it's about one drop of blood in an Olympic-sized swimming pool)
This is the only known omnivorous shark
What are bonnethead (hammerhead) sharks?
In ovoviviparous sharks, such as the sand tiger shark, this gruesome phenomenon is often exhibited while pups are still inside the mother
What is embryonic cannibalism?
Living in the deep sea, the spiny skates lay their egg pouches near these to speed up embryo growth
What are hydrothermal vents?
What are electroplax columns?
The name of the order for the carpet sharks, which are found in the superorder Selachimorpha.
What are Orectolobiformes?
129 km / hour
What is the fastest recorded thresher shark tail whip?