I've Heard it Both Ways
Otherwise known as the rhetorical question, this is
used for emphasis and amplification, and does not
require a reply
Rogatio
This word is χ (khi) to Milton. It means words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; visually seen as a crossing.
Chiasmus
Jesus and Satan have done this, to make into Flesh; An immaterial God becoming Material (Flesh)
Incarnation
You could say this is Rogatio, but this both provides the rheotrical question and supplies an answer.
Subjectio
Personification; To impose voice and emotion, sympathetic or with the human in the story. This is to disregard any innate feeling the thing (natural and or inanimate) may have.
Pathetic Fallacy
Hypotaxis
Where a key word or phrase is repeated at or near the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. Can vary in grammatical tense and phrasing.
Conduplicato
Abdiel does it best: Rejecting an argument as impertinent, false, or morallyreprehensible. More than an outburst of anger against an unworthy opponent, it signals a final judgment, or moral opposition which cannot be arbitrated by debate
Rejectio
You could say this is ironic or hyperbolic, but this means to use understatement to intensify or negate
something felt to be hyperbolic in order to give a
statement an air of restraint, such as a double negative.
Liotes
Anaphora
Meaning expressed by of it's opposite words for humor or emphasis; when the reader knows something that the character(s) do not.
Irony
As to the White House is to the Presidency, this word uses related concepts and signs to indicate something other than using it's name.
Metonymy
A tale or interpolation that follows a dramatic exposition and illustrates a moral or amplifies a point made in it.
Digressio
You could say it's a form of personification, but specifically, Breaking off discourse in order to address directly an absent person, a mute object, or an abstract idea; transforms personified entities into hearers.
Aposthrophe
Monism (which you don't have to study for); Like Yin and Yang, the use of division—two
halves—to convey totality.
Merism
Like "For Eloquence the Soul, Song charms the Sense", this rhetorical figure of speech uses one verb to govern two or more objects, or yokes syntactical elements by a word present in one of the elements and understood in the rest.
Zeugma
Please provide both words as they are both each other's opposite:
1) The repetition of conjunctions such as “and,” “or,” and “but,” when not necessary
2) The omission of conjuctions between sentence phrases.
Polysndeton and Asyndeton
Lycidas, the name of a shepherd, and Lycidas, the poem, are prime examples, because they follow this tradition for poetic mourning of the dead.
Pastoral Elegy
Though specific in meaning it comes in many forms- From a Greek word meaning “impasse”; difficulty in making progress in one’s thinking.
Aporia
Hypotaxis; This is the reordering of a sentence to emphasize meaning, such as when Eve was "forth reaching" instead of "reaching forth" toward the fruit.
Hyperbaton
Substituting a famous name or descriptive phrase for a proper name. This trope transforms a
private individual into an allegorical figure. This trope also transforms Greek and Roman deities
into tropes for signifying Christian figures, and vice vers a.
Antonomasia
The study of and interpretation of symbols and types
in the Old Testament that were thought to
foreshadow the truths of the New Testament.
Typology
Taking all these tropes into account, this helps build a certain understanding of a world, or to justify God to the ways of man (arguibly) from Milton.
Werth also defined this by quotes of different authors.
Worlding
This a form of polysndeton, which uses “and” to link related terms— nouns, adjectives, and verbs mainly—when they could also be expressed by one term modifying (being ‘subordinate to’) the other.
Hendiadys
Metonymy; Using the part (as in the hand of the infant) to describe the whole.
Synecdoche