Shock
Neurogenic shock can be caused by any factor that inhibits the:
a parasympathetic nervous system.
b sympathetic nervous system.
c somatic nervous system.
d thalamus.
b sympathetic nervous system.
The onset of anaphylactic shock is usually:
a mild.
b immediate and life threatening.
c delayed by several hours.
d delayed by 24 hours.
b immediate and life threatening.
Which clinical feature is most characteristic of early septic shock?
a raised JVP
b reduced urine output
c flushed skin
d tachycardia
c flushed skin
Neurogenic shock is most often caused by injury to this area of the body?
Spinal cord
Which antigen is initiated in anaphylaxis
a IgG
b IgD
c IgM
d IgE
d IgE
A 50-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. He is being treated for shock. His cardiopulmonary symptoms include low blood pressure, tachycardia and tachypnoea. His skin is pale and cool. The primary cause of his shock is most likely:
a rapid heart rate.
b decreased cardiac contractility.
c increased capillary permeability.
d decreased afterload due to vasodilation.
b decreased cardiac contractility.
Which of the following is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of patient deterioration?
a heart rate
b blood pressure
c respiratory rate
d urine output
c respiratory rate
A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to hospital 30 minutes later. She survived but now has impaired ventricular function because:
a there was a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance.
b there was too much stress on the heart.
c the cells became hypertrophic.
d the resulting ischaemia led to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death.
d the resulting ischaemia led to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death.
Unlike other types of shock, neurogenic shock often shows this heart rate abnormality?
Bradycardia
This airway sound signals a worsening reaction and impending obstruction?
Stridor
During shock states, glucose uptake is usually:
a enhanced.
b normal.
c impaired.
d energy intensive.
c impaired.
True or false: You should give multiple IV fluid boluses in cariogenic shock?
BIG FALSE!
Fluids can make it worse!
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Which symptom is most associated with anaphylactic shock?
a bronchoconstriction
b hypotension
c bradycardia
d polyuria
a bronchoconstriction
Which of the following is a hypotonic solution
a 0.9% Normal Saline Solution (NaCl 0.9%)
b Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)
c 0.45% Sodium Chloride (NaCl 0.45%)
d Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W)
c 0.45% Sodium Chloride (NaCl 0.45%)
One consequence of switching from aerobic to anaerobic cellular metabolism during shock states is:
a decreased ATP production.
b cellular dehydration.
c cellular alkalosis.
free-radical formation.
a decreased ATP production.
What medication class improves the heart by increasing contractility?
Inotropic medications
Name one lab that helps identify worsening sepsis
Lactic acid/lactate
What is the usual dose of ADRENALINE (1:1000) anaphylaxis?
a 0.01mg per kg
b 0.05mg per kg
c 0.50mg per kg
d 1mg per kg
a 0.01mg per kg
A 50-year-old male visits the cardiologist for an ECG. Results indicate he has no PR interval and a variable rate QRS with rhythm irregularity. Which of the following is the most likely type of arrhythmia?
a atrial tachycardia
b atrial fibrillation
c sinus dysrhythmia
d idioventricular rhythm
b atrial fibrillation
These two assessment findings together indicate the patient is entering late hypovolemic shock?
a Hypotension and tachycardia
b Hypotension and tachypnoea
c Hypotension and altered mental status
d Hypotension and hypercapnia
c Hypotension and altered mental status
A patient with cool, clammy skin, tachycardia, and low JVP is most likely experiencing which type of shock?
a Hypovolemic
b Cardiogenic
c neurogenic
d Anaphylaxis
a Hypovolemic
When fluids are not enough to increase blood pressure, the nurse anticipates this class of medications?
Vasopressors
Which medication may be needed if bradycardia in neurogenic shock becomes severe?
Atropine
The most common cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is:
a myocardial infarction.
b pulmonary disease.
c septic shock.
d hypovolemic shock
c septic shock.