Shock
What are the two levels of shock?
Compensated and decompensated
Initial treatment for superficial, venous bleeding
Direct pressure
Most common indicator of shock in pediatric patients
Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
Name 2 common complications affecting a dialysis shunt or fistula
Bleeding and infection
Name 2 types of dialysis access
Graft and Fistula
Normal amount of blood in the adult human
Adult Male: 6 Liters
Adult Female: 4.5 Liters
Device for stopping arterial bleeding in an extremity
Tourniquet
Infection commonly found in the elderly and bed-bound, can lead changes in mental status
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Average length of hemodialysis treatment
3-4 hours (typically 4)
Name 2 primary types of hemodialysis
Peritoneal and Hemodialysis
Name the 3 types of distributive shock
Neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic
What position is preferred for treatment of shock, and why?
Supine position (allows for greater perfusion of vital organs due to gravity)
Disease where red blood cells are abnormally shaped, leading to ischemia, pain, and anemia
Sickle Cell Disease
Name 3 methods of compensation in the body
Cardiopulmonary response, constriction of blood vessels, regulation of volume
What percentage of blood loss often causes irreversible, decompensated shock
40% or more
Symptoms of compensated shock
Tachycardia, anxiety, increased respiratory rate, normotensive (normal blood pressure)
Name 3 methods of bleeding control
Direct pressure, wound packing, hemostatic dressing, bandages, tourniquet, junctional pressure device
Disease commonly associated with patients on dialysis
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Name 3 disease processes that can interfere with blood clotting
Liver disease, Von Willebrand Disease, Hemophilia
Name 4 common anticoagulant medications
Plavix, Eliquis, Brillinta, Coumadin, Aspirin
Symptoms of decompensated shock
Decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, pallor, altered mental status
Name 3 treatment priorities when treating for shock
Controlling blood loss, providing oxygenation, preventing heat loss
Name 2 common reasons for 911 calls at a dialysis center
Shortness of breath, unconsciousness, low blood pressure, bleeding, chest pain
Patients who miss dialysis often present with symptoms of what disease process (name two symptoms)
Congestive heart failure
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, rales, edema, weakness, chest pain (occasionally)
Name 3 types of obstructive shock
Tension Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Embolism, Cardiac Tamponade