Show:
Synthesize Me!
Is that code for something?
NA Meeting
MISH MASH
I'm HIDEOUS!
100
Write the "central dogma" of gene expression/protein synthesis on the board.

What is: DNA => RNA => Protein?

100
RNA is similar to DNA, but the base thymine is replaced by _____________.
What is Uracil?
100
List the 3 types of RNA.

What are:

mRNA (messenger)

tRNA (transfer)

rRNA (ribosomal)

100
Genes contain instructions for assembling ________.
What are proteins?
100
In humans, a change in the sequence/order of the nitrogenous bases results in a _____.
What is mutation?
200
During translation, the _________RNA anticodon binds to the ___________ RNA codon.
What is tRNA (transfer) to the mRNA (messenger)?
200

Label the following nucleotides as DNA or RNA? How do you know which is which?

1) ATG GTA CAC GCC

2) GAU UUC CGC CAU

1) DNA

2) RNA

The second one contains Uracil

200
The type of RNA which forms ribosomes.
What is rRNA (ribosomal)?
200

Which of the following is an enzyme AND how do you know?

Ribose, Deoxyribose, Protein, Polymerase, Polymerization

Polymerase, ends in -ase
200
List 3 mutagenic agents.
What are x-rays, nitrates, tobacco, UV rays, radiation (to name a few)?
300
During transcription, genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as a molecule of what type of RNA?
mRNA - Messenger
300
Each 3-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid is called a ___.
What is a codon?
300
The type of RNA that carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
What is tRNA (transfer)?
300
The portions of DNA that DO NOT code for a protein are called?
What are introns?
300
A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a _________ mutation.
What is point?
400
During this step of gene expression, RNA is produced.
What is transcription?
400
The 3-nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to the codons of mRNA are called___.
What are anticodons?
400
The type of RNA that is transcribed from molecules of DNA.
What is mRNA (messenger)?
400

The portions of DNA molecules that code for a protein are called _____.

What are exons?
400

A mutation that shifts the "reading frame" of the genetic message by INSERTING OR DELETING A NUCLEOTIDE is called a __________ mutation.

What is frameshift?
500
Genes control the cellular activities through a two-step process known as gene expression. Name each step of the process and discuss what occurs and where in the cell it occurs. Be sure to include types of RNA related to each step.

What are:

Step 1: Transcription - occurs in the nucleus, DNA is copied into RNA, mRNA (messenger)

Step 2: Translation - occurs in the cytoplasm, the RNA is converted to protein, rRNA (ribosomal) and tRNA (transfer - carries amino acids))

500

Use the DNA sequence below and the chart of amino acids  to make a protein.

DNA: ACA CGA AGC TGG CCT

RNA: UGU GCU UCG ACC GGA

Protein: Cys - Ala - Ser - Thy - Gly

500
List 3 differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA - double stranded, sugar is deoxyribose, bases are A, T, C, G

RNA - single-stranded, sugar is ribose, bases are A, U, C, G

500

A)Explain why  cells have to control gene expression?

B)When the chains of two proteins are folded differently and the sequence of amino acids is different,  the two proteins will perform the same or different functions?

A)What is, so genes will only be expressed when needed.

B)What is different functions?

500

AGUCAGGGC

Label the following mutations as substitution, deletion or insertion

1) AGCAGGGC

2) AGUCCAGGGC

3) AGGCAGGGC

1) deletion

2) insertion

3) substitution