SHORAD THREATS
T/F: "The three levels at which fixed wing assets can be employed are Strategic, Operational, and Theater levels. (simultaneously)
FALSE: Strategic, Operational, and TACTICAL not Theater
Name the UAS groups of each of the following: DJI Phantom 3, ORLAN-10, Mohajer 6, KAS-04, BZK-005
1,2,4,3,5
List ADAM/BAE best practices.
Best Practices: Operators had a clear understanding of roles+responsibilities, BDE created a permissive airspace environment that maximized capabilities while providing responsive fires that shaped the deep fight.
List each of the Fuselage Shapes + Rear/Mid-sections, and the different Nose Sections.
Fuselage Shapes & Sections: Thicc, Rectangular, Tubular, Slender | Bulging, Tubular | Blunt, Tapered, Upswept
Nose Sections: Pointed, Blunt, Rounded
What are the two engine types?
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What are the three basic Wing Type Configurations?
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1. Propeller-driven | 2. Jet-powered
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1. Variable Geometry | 2. Fixed. | 3. Rotary
True or False: "Fixed-wing aircraft are employed much more often than attack helicopters to support the ground force commander."
FALSE, Fixed-wing aircraft are employed much less often than AHs to support the ground force commander.
List pros and cons of each of the three types of UAS:
FW - PROS: incrsd flight time, carry payloads, greater speed, low aud sig | CONS: pot. greater op and sust. reqs, room for take-off & landing, constantly moving (can't hover)
RW - PROS: VTOL (vert. take-off and landing), hover + stare cap., low cost + easy to acquire + conceal | CONS: load carrying cap., limited speed
Hybrid - PROS: see adv + disadv of VTOL and RWs
List ADAM/BAE current trends.
BCT ADAM/BAEs:
- poorly trained, - improperly manned, - user synchronization & proc. cont. measures are NOT planned or rehearsed...
What are the three RW movement techniques?
Traveling - low level / contour, Traveling overwatch - counter / NOE, Bounding overwatch. NOE
How do we protect the commander's critical assets in mission planning?
Determine CAL + DAL, consider ALL hazards with potential to injure/kill personnel, damage/destroy equipment/, or impact mission effectiveness.
List AND define the function of each element of the W.E.F.T method.
W ings - provide the lift
E ngine(s) - provide(s) power
F uselage - carries the payload and controls
T ail - controls direction of flight
DoD defined sUAS groups w/ respective speeds + altitudes + MGTOW (lbs)
Group 1 - 100 knts, < 1,200 AGL , 0-20
Group 2 - <250 knts, < 3,500 AGL, 21-55
Group 3 - <250 knts, < 18,000 AGL, 56 - 1320
List BCT Fires Cell Personnel (all seven)
1. ADAM/BAE , 2. FSE, 3. ALO/TACP, 4. CA/PSYOPS, 5. PAO, 6. EW, 7. LEGAL
What is a layered approach in the context of planning UAS countermeasures?
-Multiple engagement opportunities (begins at max range and before any attacking UAS can release their weapons)
-Detailed procedures for threat UAS detection, ID, decisions, and engagement
-Procedural control and coordination measures for control + deconfliction of UAS
1. What defines the protective relationship between AMD forces and the combined arms units?
1. The OPORD - describing command + support relationships, providing coordinating instructions and ROE for AMD threat sets (including ABTs + ballistic missiles)
What are the three rotary-wing flight modes?
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ID + define the two helicopter engagement techniques.
1. Nap-of-the-Earth (NOE),
2. Contour
3. Low-Level
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Hover - OPFOR uses terrain to mask/unmask vertically/horizontally and attack stationary/moving slightly.
Running Fire - OPFOR begins with high-speed, low-altitude run to move toward target using terrain to mask approach, once AP is reached, FL directs helicopters to climb and acquire target and engage via a shallow dive toward target.
List + Describe sUAS missions/employment types:
IO - Propaganda / information campaigns, AARs, detect patterns of life
ISR - parallel mounted and dism. elements, mult. vantage points with real time acquisition, coordinating complex ground attacks
FO - Guide, observe, spot, and or adj. fires
Indirect Attack - Carry improv. munitions for release
Direct Attack - Flying at close prox. to designated targets, ... greater target size + stationary target = greater chance of successful attack
Swarm / Mass:
Swarm - 40/+ semi-autonomous UAVs controlled by single operator | Mass - Collaborative group of 39/- semi-autonomous UAVs controlled by one or more operators
1. TAIS, 2. FAADC2, 3. AMDWS, 4. ADSI, 5. EPLRS
(literally anything on slide 22 counts but these jump out at me)
List static, mobile, and portable C-sUAS systems (3 of each)
AND, Identify them as either Kinetic / Non Kinetic (K/NK respectively)
Static: FS-LIDS (NK), LPWS (K), MADIS (NK), CORIAN (NK), NINJA (NK), AUDS (NK), COYOTE (K)
Mobile: L-MADIS (NK), M-LIDS(K), MADS-K (NK), CLWS (K)
Portable: Drone Defender (NK), Drone Buster (NK), EGON, MODI (NK), Drake (NK), Smartshooter (K)
Four passive defense technique tasks that help reduce a unit's vulnerability / minimize damage caused by missile attacks are:
1. Positioning and dispersion.
2. Hardening of positions and facilities.
3. Cover, concealment, and protection of major assets and forces.
4. Recovery and reconstitution plans.
List + Define the three Attack Helicopter Employment Methods.
Maximum:
The maximum method launches all helicopters at once for maximum shock effect, but creates a logistics strain and leaves them unavailable for hours afterward due to refueling and rearming needs.
Alternating:
The alternating method staggers helicopter company attacks to sustain engagement longer over time with less logistical strain, allowing quicker refueling and reentry into battle.
Continual:
The continual method rotates helicopter companies one at a time to maintain constant pressure on the enemy with minimal logistical strain, enabling sustained operations limited only by resupply and crew fatigue. 1x Co - AP, 1x Co - Holding Area, 1x Co - FARP, 2x Co in transit between any two points.
List the 3 Types of UAS propulsion systems and mention ONE pro and con for each.
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Main UAS components AND Vulnerabilities:
1. Battery - Pros: Lower Aud Sig, Lighter than gas, Quicker Launch times and Prep, Cons: battery limits endurance, requires electronics knowledge, batteries go boom 2. Fuel - Pros: More Power + Endurance + Payload Cap. | Cons: Aud sig louder, req more tech knowledge, fuel (pot. hazardous) go boom.
3. Glider - Pros: Little / no aud sig, glider easy no hard (simplistic setup), longer endurance in windy conditions. | Cons: unreliable due to no motor, limited payload cap, usually larger
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Components: Sensor (UAS), C2 (Controller), Communication Links
(also would accept electronic speed cont., flight cont., power source, antennas, ground cont. station)
Vulnerabilities: Reliance on GPS signal for stabilization, Lost link protocols, Video downlink / Telemetry downlink
Define ADAM+BAE and list their functions (both independent + shared).
Air Defense and Airspace Management (ADAM): plans + syncs air & missile ops, produces air picture, manages ADA overlay
Brigade Aviation Element (BAE): plans + syncs aviation ops, advises+plans UAS+reconnaissance+attack aslt+air mvmnt+medevac, standardizes BCT UAS employment
Shared functions: Plans + deconflicts airspace use, disseminates ACMs (airspace coordinating measures requests)
How do AMDWS, TAIS, FAAD contribute to ADAM/BAE's capacity to view, plan, and coordinate airspace + fire missions in near real time?
AMDWS - Publishes air tracks, wpns, and sensors | Air Defense PLANNING tool, sensor, weapons, and threat analysis during mission planning | receives RAM-WARM POO from FAAD ... transmits cff to AFATDS
TAIS - Airspace Management system, Processes and deconflicts ACM Requests. Near real time air picture,
FAAD - RAM-WARN Interface, Slew-to-Cue for Avenger, Sentinel Radar Interface
How does Joint Airspace Control increase combat effectiveness?
-reduced fracticide
-greater flexibility of ops
-safe, efficient, flexible use