Colligative Properties
The colligative property involves the pressure of a gas.
Vapor Pressure Lowering
What is an ionic bond?
A bond that requires the transfer of electrons. Occurs between a metal/metalloid and a non-metal.
Solid changes into a gas
Sublimation
Like dissolves ____
Like
Polar dissolves polar
Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar
Molarity
mols solute/ L solution
Solutions boil at ____ temperatures than pure solvents.
higher
List the four main IMFs in order from weakest to strongest.
Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bond, Ion-Ion
Boiling point varies with ___
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that dissolves in water.
Molality
mols solute/ kg solvent
This gas constant is used in the calculation of osmotic pressure.
R= 0.08206 L atm/mol K
Stronger IMFs cause melting and boiling points to do what?
Increase
4.18 J/g C
Can ionic compounds dissolve in nonpolar solvents?
No!
(Ionic compounds are electrolytes and polar compounds they will dissolve in water)
Raoult's Law
Psolution = Xsolvent*Pgas
Does the colligative property for freezing point exhibit an increase or a decrease?
decrease
Which compound will have the lowest boiling point?
H2O, NaCl, N2
N2
(H2O has hydrogen bonding, NaCl has ion-ion bonding, N2 only has dispersion.)
What is dynamic equilibrium?
When the rate of vaporization is equal to the rate of condensation.
When talking about solids, increasing the temperature does what to solubility?
Increases
Henry's Law
Sgas=kHPgas
What will be the Van't Hoff factors for the two following compounds? C6H12O6 and K2SO4
1, 3
(C6H12O6 is a non-electrolyte and will not dissolve into water. K2SO4 is an electrolyte and will break into 2 K+ ions and one SO4- ion)
Which compound will have the highest boiling point?
C2H6, C5H12, C8H14
C8H14
(This is the largest molecule)
What is the Hvap of water?
40.67 kJ/mol
When talking about gases, increasing the temperature does what to solubility?
decreases
Two-point Clausius Clapyeron.
ln (P2/P1)=(Hvap/R)((1/T1)-(1/T2))