SHOULDER

Anatomy

100

Name the joints of the shoulder complex

1. Sternoclavicular

2. Acromioclavicular

3. Scapulothoracic

4. Glenohumeral

200

All but which joint are synovial joints of the shoulder

Scapulothoracic (atypical/physiological joint)

300

This joint is the only bony attachement for shoulder girdle to axial skeleton

sternoclavicular

400

Function of scapulothoracic joint

Amplifies motion of GH joint + maintain relationship bw humeral head and glenoid fossa

500

What type of joint is the AC joint?

Synovial planar joint with fibrocartilage

Osteo

100

Sternoclavicular motions

protraction/retraction

elevation/depression

anterior rotation/posterior rotation

200

acromioclavicular motions

• Rotation: IR/ER and Up/Down
• Anterior/posterior movement or ADB/ADD (Nonpathological Winging)
• Tipping/tilt

300

scapulothoracic motions

• Elevation/Depression - 2-10 cm
• Abduction/Adduction - 10 cm
• Downward/Upward rotation - 60°
• Internal/External rotation
• Anterior and posterior tilt - Total 20-40)

400

glenohumeral motions

• Flexion: 120° (highly variable)
• Extension: 50°
• Abduction: 90-120°
• Adduction: 30-50
• ER: 90 (@ 90° ABD)
• IR : 90 (@ 90° ABD)
• Arc of ROM 130°

500

Degrees of freedom of scapulthoracic

5

Arthrokinematics

100

Sternoclavicular

• Elevation-depression
• Retraction-protraction
• Spin

200

AC joint

• Superior / Inferior Translation
• Medial / Lateral Translation
• Anterior / Posterior Translation

Scapular movers

100

Protraction muscles

• Serratus anterior
• Pectoralis major*
• Pectoralis minor

200

Elevation muscles

• Upper trapezius*
• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboids

300

Depression muscles

• Lower trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi
• Pectoralis minor + major

400

Upward rotation muscles

• Serratus anterior
• Upper trapezius*
• Lower trapezius

500

Downward rotation

• Rhomboids
• Latissimus dorsi
• Levator scapulae
• Pectoralis minor

Combined movements of shoulder joints

100

Shoulder abduction

Trapezius + serratus anterior