How we understand what we see
Name and describe the two cognitive processes that we use to interpret data visualization
System 1 (fast, automatic, and impulsive visual system)
System 2 (logical, conscious interpretation)
What are the 3 levels of graphical cognition viewer's use?
Read the data, compare/read between the data, read beyond the data
When attempting to minimize cognitive energy with figure elements, ________ is better
simpler
One of the most common ways interpretation of figures can be biased is selecting an inappropriate _______ for displaying data
figure type
This occurs when viewers only focus on some visual information an come to inaccurate conclusions
foreground effect
The 1st level of graphical cognition is affected by:
axes, legends, captions, and choice of figure used to represent the data
Abbreviations must all be ___________
defined
Viewers are more likely to incorrectly interpret ______ than box plots
bar plots
What should be done in figures to reduce your viewer's cognitive load?
Ease of figure interpretation should be inversely proportional to the amount of conscious thought required to interpret it (works both systems)
The 2nd level of graphical cognition involves:
recognition of relationships and interpolations between the data (interpreting patterns)
Multipanel figures should include ________
titles or labels
When visualizing differences in magnitude, modifying ______ is more effective than modifying color
shape size
Anything that forces a viewer to engage in unnecessary conscious thought will reduce the ___________ of a figure
effectiveness
The 3rd level of graphical cognition invovles:
linking visualization to a hypothesis; the emphasized message that viewers should take away
Color schemes should be ________ throughout a paper
consistent
All figure elements should be appropriately ________ and readable
sized