BIOLOGY
How many ATP molecules are produced directly (net gain) from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
Answer: 2 ATP
What do we call the atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons?
ANSWER: Isotope
Global climate change is being attributed to the atmospheric increase in what two gases produced by human activities?
A. oxygen and hydrogen
B. ozone and methane
C. nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide
D. methane and carbon dioxide
Answer: D. methane and carbon dioxide
Using the visible light spectrum, what is the correct arrangement of colors from lowest to highest energy?
Answer: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
In pea plants, the allele for tall (T) is dominant over short (t). If two heterozygous tall plants (Tt × Tt) are crossed, what is the probability that their offspring will be short?
Answer: 25%
Which principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed?
A.Boyle's law
B.Avogadro's law
C.Conservation of energy
D.Graham's law
ANSWER: C. Conservation of energy
At convergent plate boundaries where an oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate, a deep depression forms on the seafloor. What is this underwater feature called?
Answer: Trench
Which of the following lists the three major categories of fundamental particles in the Standard Model of particle physics?
A. Protons, neutrons, and electrons
B. Quarks, leptons, and bosons
C. Quarks, molecules, and ions
D. Photons, protons, and neutrons
Answer: B. Quarks, leptons, and bosons
Which event directly leads to the release of oxygen during photosynthesis?
A. Reduction of NADP⁺
B. Splitting of water molecules in Photosystem II
C. Fixation of CO₂ in the Calvin cycle
D. Excitation of chlorophyll in Photosystem I
Answer: B. Splitting of water molecules in Photosystem II
How many grams of NaCl are needed to prepare 0.50 mol of NaCl? Use a molar mass of 58.5 g/mol.
A. 117 g
B. 11.7 g
C. 29.25 g
D. 58.5 g
ANSWER: C. 29.25g
(Mass = moles × molar mass = 0.50 mol × 58.5 g/mol = 29.25 g)
During an earthquake, which seismic wave arrives last at a seismic station?
A. S-wave
B. P-wave
C. Rayleigh wave
D. Love wave
Answer: C. Rayleigh wave
A metal block has a mass of 600 g and a volume of 200 cm³. Calculate its density.
Answer: 3 g/cm³
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, what will be the template strand synthesized by the mRNA?
Answer: 3′-UAACGU-5′
A gas occupies 2.0 L at 1.0 atm. If its temperature and amount remain constant, what volume will it occupy at 2.0 atm?
A.4.0 L
B.2.0 L
C.1.0 L
D.0.5 L
ANSWER: 1.0L
(Boyle's law gives P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, so V₂ = (1.0 atm × 2.0 L) ÷ 2.0 atm = 1.0 L)
The Philippine Fault Zone, which runs through most of the Philippine archipelago and causes frequent earthquakes, is what type of fault?
Answer: Strike slip fault
What is the approximate value of the universal gravitational constant?
Answer: 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²