Unit 1 Review
What are the four macromolecules?
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids
Light energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
This formula summarizes what process?
Photosynthesis
What is the goal of DNA replication?
What is the goal of transcription?
make an RNA copy of a gene
What is the goal of translation?
Use the information on mRNA and use it to form proteins.
TRUE or FALSE: Ionic bonding is when the electron is shared between two atoms.
FALSE: Covalent bonding is when the electrons are shared between two atoms
Ionic is the donation or loss of an electron
What energy molecules do we produce in the energy return phase in glycolysis?
ATP and NADH
Which experiment discovered that DNA is symmetrical?
Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction and film to discover DNA is symmetrical.
What strand does RNA polymerase use as a template?
the minus DNA strand
What modifications does mRNA have to undergo before translation?
Remove introns, add 5' cap, and 3' poly-A tail
What molecules would not freely pass through the phospholipid bilayer?
charged ions, large molecules, sugars
TRUE or FALSE: CAM plants use the enzyme ribulose diphosphate carboxylase in the dark cycle
TRUE
What does semiconservative mean?
New cells get 1 original strand and one new strand of DNA.
What is the function of a transcription factor?
To flag the promotor region of the gene so RNA polymerase can recognize and bind.
the transfer of an amino acid to a growing peptide chain in the ribosome.
TRUE or FALSE: Moving a molecule from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration requires energy.
FALSE, they do not require energy
What is produced in human cells when we run out of O2 for our terminal electron acceptor in respiration?
lactate
What enzyme is responsible for relieving the tension of the unwinding DNA?
A) helicase
B) DNA polymerase III
C) Topoisomerase
rRNA (ribosomal), mRNA(messenger), tRNA (transfer)
What is the start codon, and what amino acid is associated with it?
AUG and Methionine
What are the two types of secondary structures we see in protein?
alpha helices and beta sheets.
Why is ATP synthase important in both respiration and photosynthesis?
TRUE or FALSE: DNA polymerase III replaces RNA on Okazaki fragments with DNA.
FALSE: DNA Polymerase I replaces RNA on Okazaki fragments with DNA.
DNA Polymerase III synthesizes DNA off the RNA primer.
How do prokaryotes terminate transcription?
GC-rich region forms a hairpin loop which snags on RNA polymerase. The AT-rich region is weaker than the GC region, which results in the entire transcript being lifted off the DNA template.
What are the stop codons and their corresponding amino acids?
UGA, UAA, and UAG are the stop codons. They do not have a corresponding amino acid.