Vocab
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of
proteins that may be exported from the cell?
A) rough ER
B) lysosomes
C) plasmodesmata
D) Golgi vesicles
E) free cytoplasmic ribosome
A) Rough ER
In some organisms, such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?
A) Many cells with many nuclei
B) Cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes
C) Large cells containing many nuclei
D) Many cells, but some won't have a nucleus
C) Large cells containing many nuclei
Which of the following is a major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not
B) Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not
C) Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells
D) Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not
A) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not
What interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structure of proteins?
A) Covalent bonds
B) Disulfide bonds
C) Hydrogen bonds
D) Ionic bonds
C) Hydrogen bonds
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using:
A. a super-resolution fluorescence microscope.
B. a scanning electron microscope.
C. a phase-contrast light microscope.
D. a confocal fluorescence microscope.
E. a transmission electronic microscope.
E. a transmission electronic microscope.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have what
organelle in common?
Ribosomes
Which of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n=16?
A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell
B) Each diploid cell has 8 homologous pairs of chromosomes
C) A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes
D) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell
B) Each diploid cell has 8 homologous pairs of chromosomes
Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) Fungi
B) Archaea
C) Animal
D) Plant
B) Archaea
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of which of the following macromolecules?
A) DNA and phospholipids
B) DNA and RNA
C) DNA and proteins
D) DNA only
C) DNA and proteins
Potential explanations to questions (hypotheses) are only considered scientific if they are __.
testable
If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?
10
How many chromosomes do you have in anaphase (mitosis) if you had 46 chromosomes in G1?
46
How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?
A) Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar
B) Phospholipids dissolve in water
C) The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract)
D) The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not
D) The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not
One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ___.
A) light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy
B) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy
C) light microscopy provides for higher resolution than electron microscopy
D) light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells
D) light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells
Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells?
A) chloroplast
B) lysosome
C) central vacuole
D) peroxisome
E) glyoxysome
B) Lysosome
Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common?
I. Alternation of generations
II. Meiosis
III. Fertilization
IV. Gametes
V. Spores
A) I, IV, and V
B) I, II, and IV
C) II, III, and IV
D) II, IV, and V
E) I, II, III, IV, and
C) II, III, and IV
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) Structure of cilia
B) Structure of chloroplasts
C) Structure of the nucleus
D) Near universality of the genetic code
D) Near universality of the genetic code
Which of these molecules is not formed by
dehydration reactions?
A) fatty acids
B) disaccharides
C) DNA
D) protein
E) amylose
A) Fatty acids
If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 80
C) 40
Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?
A) centromere
B) centrosome
C) centriole
D) chromatid
E) kinetochore
B) centrosome
Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?
A) Incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I
B) Failure of an egg to complete meiosis II
C) An error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm
D) Failure of an egg nucleus to be fertilized by the sperm
C) An error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm
Which of the following statements is true?
A) All forms of life employ the same genetic code
B) mRNA is the only type of RNA found in the living system
C) A typical human liver cell has one set of chromosomes
D) Organisms interact but do not affect their environment
A) All forms of life employ the same genetic code
Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?
A) They are both polymers of glucose.
B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other.
C) They can both be digested by humans.
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants.
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.
A) They are both polymers of glucose.
What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?
A) light microscopy
B) scanning electron microscopy
C) transmission electron microscopy
D) confocal fluorescence microscopy
E) super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
A) Light microscopy