DNA Replication
DNA Helicase
Protein used to break apart H bonds in the replication fork to allow for DNA replication to occur allowing both strands to be split apart
Sigma Subunit
Found in RNA poly where the sigma subunit binds to the promoter region and opens up a transcription bubble to initiate transcription and remains on the promoter while the rest of the RNA poly goes to elongation.
Regions on mRNA that do not get translated
Sanger Sequence
Used to quantify DNA nucleotides in a gene, by using radioactive isotopes.
What affect will a mutation on a TATA box happen for a gene?
A mutation on the promoter sequence will slow the rate of transcription or completely stop it since RNA poly can not bind to it anymore.
Single Stranded Binding Proteins
Bind to each strand during replication and do not allow the reformation of H bonds.
Uses a rho protein to cut the mRNA at a specific sequence.
You have the following protein: N-met-asp-lys-lys-glu-C
What is the coding strand mRNA?
5'-AUG-GAPy-AAPu-AAPu-GAPu-3'
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Method using a highly temp resistant DNA polymerase to produce a ton of target DNA
What affect will a loss of function mutation on tRNAs have?
The whole organism will die because it can not produce any proteins during translation.
Topoisomerase
Enzyme used to reduce the torsional strain on DNA during replication by breaking the backbone temporarily and rebuilding them.
Intrinsic Termination
Uses a hairpin structure to displace the RNA polymerase due to two GC rich regions and a poly A region that allows the mRNA to fall off.
What is the start codon?
5'-AUG-3'
What is the nucleotide sequence of the sequenced strand (look on board)?
5'-AGTGGATAG-3'
What affect will a complete loss of function in a spliceosome have on a prokaryotic cell?
Nothing, spliceosomes are not needed for prokaryotes since they no not have exons/introns
Enzyme used to build DNA molecules 5'-3' reading the template strand 3'-5' and there are two of these per replication fork
DNA Polymerase 3
Read the template 5'-ATGACTAG-3' what will be the mRNA molecule at the end of transcription?
Coding: 3'-TACTGATC-5'
mRNA: 5'-CUAGUCAU-3'
the size
What is the template strand sequence that gave rise to this sequenced strand (look on board)?
3'-TCACCTATC-5'
What affect will a mutation on the RNA poly have?
No transcription can occur
DNA Ligase
Forms final phosphodiester bond between each okazaki fragment
How is pre-mRNA modified into mature mRNA?
1. 5' cap by guanylyl transferase
2. Intron splicing by spliceosomes
3. Poly adenylation
N-met-phe-pro-c what is the template strand
3'-TAC-AAG-GGG-5'
What is the protein from the sanger sequence (look on board)?
N-Ser-Gly-C
Nah