Aerobic Respiration
How many molecules of ATP can be created from 3 NADH molecules?
9 ATP (3 from each NADH)
Aerobic respiration is common to which domains?
All of them (bacteria, archaea, eukarya)
Structures containing DNA are called?
chromosomes
Photoexcitation leads to ___, the light driven separation of an electron from a donor molecule such as H2O or H2S.
photolysis
What are the 3 exceptions to the definition of a microbe?
1. supersize microbial cells
2. microbial communities
3. viruses
During aerobic respiration, what molecule is used as the terminal electron acceptor?
Oxygen
What are the three general terminal electron acceptors used for anaerobic respiration?
metals, oxidized ions of nitrogen, oxidized ions of sulfur
The central dogma goes in which order?
dna replication > transcription > translation
In most ecosystems, photosynthesis is based on ____?
chlorophyll
Phospholipids in bacterial cell membrane ar elinked by what kind of bonds?
ester
(archea is ether)
How many total ATP are generated from substantive phosphorylation?
4 ATP (2 from glycolysis and 2 from TCA cycle)
How many protons are pumped out from each NADH molecule?
10 protons
Nucleotides are connected by which kind of bonds?
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds
What kind of bacteria are found in Photosystem 1?
green sulfur bacteria
(purple nonsulfur are found in 2)
What would a bacteria be classified as if its optimal growth is between 40-80 segrees celsius?
thermophiles
What are the starting molecules for each part of aerobic respiration (glycolysis, PDC, and TCA cycle)?
Glycolysis: glucose
PDC: pyruvate
TCA Cycle: acetyl-coa
Electron transport systems include at least which 3 functional components?
substrate dehydrogenase, mobile electron carrier, terminal oxidase
How do type I isomerases work?
cleave one strand of DNA to relieve or unwind negative supercoiling
All forms of photolysis have what in common?
1. light harvesting complex
2. electron transport systems
3 . energy carriers
Antibiotics such as penicillin and vancomycin target which part of the membrane?
peptidoglycan
How many molecules of ATP are generated from oxidative phosphorylation in total and how many come from each step?
34 Total ATP
6 from glycolysis (2 NADH)
6 from PDC (2 NADH)
18 from TCA Cycle (6 NADH, 1 FADH2)
How does mitochondrial ETS differ from that of E.coli?
1. uses cytochrome c oxidoreductase for transfer of electrons
2. pumps 12 H+ per NADH (instead of 10)
Type II isomerases are targeted by what kind of antibiotics?
quinolone
Most of earths photosynthetic production comes from ___?
microbes (especially the ocean!!)
What kind of electron microscopy allows gives a 3D view (scans the surface) and what is the magnification?
sacnning leectron microscopy
10,000x