ETS
What terminal electron acceptor is used during aerobic respiration?
oxygen
genome
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to which end of the strand? 3' or 5'?
3' end
When does transcription begin?
when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
Who grouped the 5 kingdoms into the three domains?
Carl Woese
Anaerobic Respiration is unique to ___?
prokaryotes
The Central Dogma flows in which order?
dna replication > transcription > translation
DNA replication is semiconservative meaning that?
daughter cell receives one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand
Which type of RNA encodes proteins?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What is the bending of light as it enters a substance that slows its speed?
refraction
How much ATP is generated from the TCA cycle from substrate-level phosphorylation?
2 ATP
Archaeal DNA replication, transcription and translation more closely resemble?
eukaryotes
What is the function of DNA ligase?
join the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand together
RNA differs from DNA in which ways?
(looking for 3 reasons)
-usually single-stranded
-contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
0uracil replaces thymine
Which type of media are nutrient-rich but poorly defined?
complex media
How many total ATP (all 3 steps) are generated from oxidative phosphorylation?
34 ATP
(6 from glycolysis, 6 from PDC, 18 from TCA cycle)
Nucleotides are connected by which kind of bonds?
5' - 3' phosphodiester bonds
E. coli has a doubling time of?
about 20 minutes
Which type of termination forms a hair loop structure?
rho independent
Why does a simple stain not work with mycobacterium tuberculosis?
they have mycolic acids in their cell envelope
The mitochondrial ETS differs from E.coli because mitochondrial pumps ___ H+ per NADH, compared to E coli's ___ H+.
12 ; 10
(mitochondrial pumps two more per NADH molecule)
How do type 2 topoisomerases work?
introduce negative supercoils (unwind positive supercoils)
What species was the first source of the heat-resistant enzyme taq DNA polymerase?
How does the antibiotic Rifamycin B work?
binds to bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription
What would an organism be considered if they grow up to a certain pressure but die at higher pressures?
barotolerant