Principles of DNA Replication
This is the principle that states that DNA replication produces 2 molecules, each with one original strand and one newly-synthesized strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
Replication begins at this specific location on the bacterial chromosome.
What is oriC?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork.
What is helicase?
This term describes DNA strands having opposite orientations, with one running 5′→3′ and the other running 3′→5′.
What is antiparallel?
This happens to the DNA at oriC to allow replication to begin.
What is DNA melting/unwinding? (forms replication forks)
This enzyme synthesizes the short RNA primers needed to begin DNA synthesis.
What is primase?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to this end of a growing DNA strand.
What is the 3' end?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA ahead of the replication fork after the DNA is opened.
What is helicase?
This enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the 3′-OH of the primer.
What is DNA polymerase III?
This is the direction that DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA in.
What is 5' -> 3'?
This is what primase provides for DNA pol III.
What is a free 3'-OH?
This protein forms a ring around DNA and helps keep DNA polymerase III attached to the DNA during replication.
What is the sliding clamp?
Because DNA strands are antiparallel but DNA polymerase only synthesizes 5′→3′, one strand is synthesized continuously while the other is synthesized discontinuously. This is the name of those strands.
What are leading and lagging strands?
Put these events in the correct order: DNA polymerase III binds, primase makes an RNA primer, DNA opens at oriC, the sliding clamp is loaded.
DNA opens at oriC → primase makes RNA primer → sliding clamp is loaded → DNA Pol III binds/synthesizes DNA.
This protein complex helps load the sliding clamp onto the DNA, allowing DNA polymerase III to be recruited to the primer-template junction.
What is the clamp loader?