Test 1 and 2 Review
What refers to the order of amino acids?
Primary structure
What is an example of a homozygous recessive genotype?
aa
What refers to the two alleles an organism has for a specific gene?
Genotype
When two strands of the parental DNA separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand of DNA is known as the
Semiconservative model
What enzyme lays down an RNA primer?
RNA primase
What molecule is amphipathic?
Phospholipids
What is the genotype of a carrier?
Aa (heterozygous)
What refers to an organism that is heterozygous?
Heterozygote
What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds that form between the DNA nucleotides, thus separating, or breaking apart, the DNA strand?
Helicase
What are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin?
Histones
If the DNA is AAA, what is the RNA?
UUU
When an organism of an unknown genotype is bred to an organism with a known homozygous recessive organism is known as
Testcross
What does linked mean in genetics?
Two genes are on the same chromosome
For the lagging strand, replication occurs in bursts, or fragments, called
Okazaki fragments
What consist of the DNA wound twice around a protein core of 8 histones, two each of the main histone types?
Nucleosomes
Cancers arising from connective tissue like bone are known as
Sarcomas
What is one example of a multifactorial disorder?
Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, alcoholism, bipolar disorder, asthma, high blood pressure, epilepsy, etc.
sWhat are the 4 types of recessive genetic disorders?
Tay-sachs
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell anemia
PKU
In what percentage of all human tumors is telomerase active?
90% or more
When other enzymes remove and replace the incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors is know as
Mismatch repair
What is the precursor for all steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
What law states that two alleles for a gene separate from each other when gametes (sperm/eggs) are formed?
The law of segregation
What refers to when more than one dominant allele can be seen?
Codominance
When are the three times that DNA replication occurs?
Meiosis, mitosis, and mitochondrial DNA replication.
What results from interactions between the histone tails of one nucleosome and the linker DNA and nucleosomes on either side?
30 nm fiber