SIADH
What does SIADH stand for?
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion
What is opposite of diabetes insipidus?
SIADH
What is another term used for diabetes insipidus?
Posterior hypopituitarism
Low blood sugar. Glucometer would read less than 70
What does the term hyperglycemia mean and what would the blood glucose level be of a patient experiencing this?
High blood sugar
Generally anything over 130 would be considered hyperglycemic (many different sources have different amounts)
What is SIADH the opposite of?
Diabets Insipidus
What is ADH and what does it do?
anti diuretic hormone
it helps regulate the amount of water in the body
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
pallor, tremor, anxiety, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, dizziness, irritability, fatigue
severe symptoms: seizure, coma, death
What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Dehydration, fruity breath, confusion, ketones in urine, nausea, vomiting
Sever symptoms: diabetic coma
What can be the causes os SIADH
acute trauma, ectopic production, tumors in the lungs and colon, CNS disorders, surgery
Medications- narcotics, anesthetics, chemo, NSAIDd, illicit's
Respiratory disorders- pneumonia, TB, asthma, Cystic fibrosis
What are the two different causes of diabetes insipidus?
Neurogenic
Nephrogenic
Determine the source of the problem, whether that nephrogenic or neurogenic
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1- pancreas no longer produces insulin
Type 2- individual becomes resistant to insulin
Before- 70-99
After Less than 140
Again many different resources suggest different levels
What are the manifestations of SIADH
hyponatremia (low sodium), decreased mental status, headache, nystagmus (weakness), dysphagia, dyarthia (speaking issues caused by brain damage)
thick sticky urine, hypo-osmality
What are the manifestations of Diabetes insipidus?
polyuria, nocturia, polidypsia, dehydration, weak thready pulse, poor skin turgor, above normal plasma, serious symptoms can be: dizziness, seizures and coma
What are causes of diabetes insipidus if it were neurogenic?
When the pituitary fails to secrete ADH due to :
tumor, hypophysectomy (removal of pituitary) , aneurysm, thrombosis, infection, trauma on the tract between the pituitary and the hypothalmus
When hyperglycemia causes damage to the nerves and can interfere with sensory signals
-individuals would be unable to distinguish from hot/cold, sharp/dull
-have pain, tingling and numbness
-have poor circulation and pour wound healing
Cluster of biomedical and physiological abnormalities that are associated with Type 2 diabetes. Can increase chances of stroke, MI
Signs: Large waist circumference
metaBOLic
B- bp high
O- obesity
L- lipids high
What level would be considered high in an individual with SIADH
ADH
Treatment of diabetes insipidus
determine the source
rehydrate the patient
give medications to replace ADH
vasopressin- has more cardiac side effects so taken caution when administering to a patient with HTN
Desmopressin- rapidly absorbed and metabolized. Excreted in liver and kidneys
What are the causes of diabetes insipidus if it were nephrogenic?
When the kidneys are not responding to ADH due to: failure of renal tubes, trauma that occurs from drugs, infection, amyloidosis, uropathies, polycystic disease
What are medication options for Type 2 diabetes?
Metformin- oral admin
Glipizide- oral admin
Synthroid- oral admin
Desmospressin - several forms
Rapid acting insulin
-aspart (novolog)
-lispro (humalog)
gluisine (apidra)