Lab Procedures: Gel Electrophoresis
This substance forms the gel that DNA fragments move through.
Agarose
In a Punnett square, each box represents this.
What is a possible offspring genotype.
Individuals with two sickle cell alleles (SS) have this condition.
Sickle cell disease
This term describes two identical alleles for a trait.
Homozygous.
Homozygous recessive (tt)
This is what the DNA fragments are separated by in gel electrophoresis.
Size
In a pedigree, this symbol represents a male.
This genotype represents a carrier of sickle cell who typically has mild to no symptoms.
Heterozygous (AS)
This is the physical expression of a trait, such as eye color.
Phenotype
In a class where most students can taste PTC, this allele is more common in the population.
What is the dominant allele.
This sample allows comparison and measurement of the DNA fragments.
DNA ladder
In order for the recessive genotype to show, there must happen.
Two recessive alleles.
Individuals with this genotype produce only normal hemoglobin.
This is the genetic makeup of an organism (such as Aa or BB).
Genotype
If a heterozygous taster (Tt) crosses with a non-taster (tt), this is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring.
50% tasters, 50% non-tasters
DNA moves towards this electrode because the DNA has an overall negative charge.
Positive electrode
In a Punnett square, the alleles placed on the outside of the box represent this.
Egg or sperm cells / gametes of parents
Two individuals with sickle cell trait have a child. This is the chance that that child will have sickle cell disease?
25% or 1/4
This term describes an allele that is only expressed when two copies are present.
Recessive
The hemoglobin protein in red blood cells if affected in this way by the sickle cell mutation.
Causes hemoglobin proteins to cluster together.
This has to happen after a sample of DNA is collected, and before the restriction enzymes are added to cut them into different size fragments.
PCR -- polymerase chain reaction. )Makes many copies of the gene of interest. )
In a cross between AABB and aabb, all of the offspring will be this genotype.
AaBb
This is the chance that in a cross between AA and AS, the child has sickle cell disease.
0%
This term describes when one allele completely masks the effect of another allele.
Complete dominance.
This is the role of restriction enzymes in the sickle cell gel electrophoresis lab.
To cut the DNA at a specific sequence so that the DNA is in different sized fragments.