Makkos
The Mishnah opens with two cases in which edim zomemim do not receive exactly the punishment they sought to inflict. Name both
What is testifying that someone is a בן גרושה/בן חלוצה, or testifying that someone is חייב גלות?
Kiddushin 41a: This principle teaches that although a person may appoint an agent to perform a mitzvah on his behalf, it is preferable to perform the mitzvah himself.
What is מצוה בו יותר מבשלוחו?
Ta'anit 23a: This man drew a circle in the ground and refused to leave it until Hashem answered his prayer by sending rain.
Who is Choni HaMe'agel?
Reuven claims that money or property currently in Shimon's possession belongs to him. This principle places the burden of proof on Reuven.
What is המוציא מחבירו עליו הראיה?
Ta'anit 21a: Famous for the phrase by which he is named, this sage's gift of jewels to the Roman emperor was stolen and replaced with dirt, which ultimately turned out "all for the good".
Who is Nachum Ish Gamzu?
On the בן גרושה case, Rashi explains why the witnesses themselves do not become פסולי כהונה. Which words in the Torah teach this?
"כאשר זמם לעשות לאחיו" — לאחיו ולא לזרעו
Even without witnesses, a litigant's own admission is accepted in Beis Din as if one hundred witnesses testified.
What is הודאת בעל דין כמאה עדים דמי?
Gittin 55b–56a: After being publicly humiliated and thrown out of a banquet, this man informed the Romans about the Jews, setting in motion the events that led to the destruction of the Second Beit HaMikdash.
Who is Bar Kamtza?
Famous machlokes Abaye/Rava in Bava Metzia's 2nd Perek (Eilu Metzius): Someone loses an object but does not yet realize it is missing. Even if he would certainly give up hope once he discovers the loss, this principle says the finder may/may not acquire it based on that future despair.
What is יאוש שלא מדעת לא הוי יאוש?
Ketubot 62b–63a: One of the three wealthiest men in Jerusalem before the Churban, he earned his nickname because anyone who entered his home hungry (hint) left completely satisfied (hint).
Who is Kalba Savua?
Yevamot 89b (also Gittin 36b): This principle gives Beis Din the authority, under appropriate circumstances, to remove ownership of property from one person and transfer or declare it ownerless.
What is הפקר בית דין הפקר?
Avodah Zarah 17a: After traveling to visit every prostitute he could find, this man was told his repentance would never be accepted. He then performed such heartfelt teshuvah that he cried until his soul departed, earning a Heavenly Voice's declaration that he had merited Olam HaBa.
Who is Rabbi Elazar ben Dordaya?