Ionic bonding
What type of elements typically form ionic bonds?
Metals and nonmetals
What is a covalent bond
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the force of attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of delocalized electrons surrounding them
What is the correct name for NaCl?
Sodium Chloride
What is the charge of a sodium ion after losing one electron?
+1
Do covalent bonds form with a total number of electrons that is divisible by 8?
Yes. The bonds usually form to fill the atoms outer shells
What property of metals is primarily due to metallic bonds?
Conductivity of electricity
How would you name the covalent compound CO2?
Carbon dioxide
Explain how ionic bonds are formed
Ionic bonds are formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom (usually a metal) to another (usually a nonmetal), resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other
Explain the concept of electronegativity in covalent bonding.
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond. In covalent bonding, the difference in electronegativity between two atoms determines the polarity of the bond
Explain the concept of the "sea of electrons" in metallic bonding.
The "sea of electrons" refers to the delocalized electrons that are free to move around in a metallic structure, allowing metals to conduct electricity and heat.
What is the rule for naming transition metal compounds?
Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states, so their charge must be indicated using Roman numerals in the name (e.g., Iron(III) chloride for FeCl₃)
Describe the properties of an ionic compound
Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points, are soluble in water, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water or molten.
What is the difference between a single bond and a double bond?
A single bond involves one pair of shared electrons, while a double bond involves two pairs of shared electrons
Why are metals malleable and ductile?
Metals are malleable and ductile because the layers of atoms can slide over each other without breaking the metallic bond, allowing the metal to be shaped or drawn into wires
Explain the difference between systematic and common names in chemical nomenclature.
Systematic names are based on the IUPAC naming conventions and provide information about the structure and composition of the compound, while common names are traditional names that may not reflect the compound's composition (e.g., water for H₂O)
What is lattice energy and why is it important in ionic bonding?
Lattice energy is the energy released when ions in the gas phase combine to form an ionic solid. It is important because it helps to determine the stability and strength of the ionic compound
What is a polar covalent bond? Provide an example if possible!
A polar covalent bond is a type of bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in a molecule with a slight charge difference. An example is the bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water (H₂O)
Compare and contrast metallic bonding with ionic and covalent bonding.
Metallic bonding involves a sea of delocalized electrons and positively charged ions, allowing for conductivity and malleability. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons and formation of charged ions, resulting in high melting points and brittleness. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons, resulting in distinct molecular shapes and lower conductivity
How do you name an acid that contains oxygen?
If the anion ends in "-ate," the acid name will end in "-ic" (e.g., nitrate to nitric acid). If the anion ends in "-ite," the acid name will end in "-ous" (e.g., nitrite to nitrous acid)