Nephrology
¿Cuál es la principal zona de reabsorción de bicarbonato en la nefrona?
Túbulo proximal
Complex describing a combination of dry eyes and dry mouth
Sicca complex (accept keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
Diagnosis for 3 or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rate >100/min with a duration <30 seconds
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
Laboratory test required to calculate the CURB-65 risk score for community acquired pneumonia
Blood urea nitrogen (accept BUN; urea)
Potential metabolic complication of insulin treatment during 'honeymoon phase' of type 1 diabetes mellitus management
Hypoglycemia
Characteristic manifestation of this condition is isolated asymptomatic glomerular hematuria
Thin basement membrane disease
Arthritis that arises following a genitourinary or gastrointestinal infection in which microorganisms cannot be recovered from the joint
Reactive arthritis
The blood pressure cuff bladder should encircle this percentage of the circumference of the arm
80%
Malaria species most likely to cause severe disease or death
Plasmodium falciparum (accept Plasmodium falciparum or falciparum)
Preferred medical treatment of hyperthyroidism during the first trimester of pregnancy
Propylthiouracil (accept PTU)
Condition characterized by impaired excretion of hydrogen ions in the distal tubule
Type 1 (hypokalemic distal) renal tubular acidosis
Five most common anatomical locations for primary localized osteoarthritis
Hands, feet, knee, hip, and spine (requires all five)
Most common cause of reduced LV function after the first year following heart transplantation
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (accept post-transplant coronary artery disease and cardiac transplant vasculopathy)
Clinical triad defining hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Acute renal failure (accept acute kidney injury), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
Two initial laboratory tests for suspected primary hyperaldosteronism
Plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity (accept aldosterone and renin activity; aldosterone/renin ratio)
Post-kidney transplant monitoring parameter predictive of long-term graft function and mortality
Proteinuria
Most common clinical manifestation of enthesitis
Dactylitis (accept 'sausage digits') or swelling of the heel (either)
QRS measurement that best predicts benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy
QRS >150 msec
Bacterial infection transmitted via fecal-oral route for which there is an oral and intramuscular vaccine available
Typhoid fever (accept Salmonella typhi infection)
Likely diagnosis for thunderclap headache, bitemporal hemianopsia, and hypotension
Pituitary apoplexy (accept pituitary hemorrhage or pituitary infarction)
Serum sodium and urine specific gravity findings associated with beer potomania
Hyponatremia and low specific gravity
A chronic inflammatory disorder of young adults that may present with vertigo, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and hearing loss
Cogan syndrome
Auscultatory finding most predictive of ventricular tachycardia
Changing intensity of the first heart sound (positive likelihood ratio (+LR) = 24.4)
Historical term for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis
Scrofula
Common term for persistent hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy for severe, prolonged hyperparathyroidism
Hungry bone syndrome