Framework
What system provides structure and support for the body?
Skeletal System
What is the dense, hard outer layer of bone called?
Compact bone
What type of bone is longer than it is wide and helps with movement?
Long bone
What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and Appendicular
Knee cap
Patella
Name two functions of the skeletal system.
Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
What is the porous, honeycomb-like bone inside bones called?
Spongy bone
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone
Which skeleton includes the skull, spine, and ribs?
Axial Skeleton
Thigh bone
Femur
What is bone marrow and where is it found?
Tissue in bone cavities that produces blood cells
What are stem cells in red marrow responsible for?
Producing blood cells (red, white, platelets)
What type of bone is the scapula?
Flat bone
Which skeleton is responsible for movement?
Appendicular Skeleton
Shin bone
Tibia
What skeletal function would be affected if bones could no longer store minerals?
Mineral storage (calcium/phosphorus balance)
Why is it important that bones contain both compact and spongy bone?
To balance strength and weight for movement
Why do irregular bones like vertebrae need complex shapes?
To protect organs like the spinal cord and allow flexibility
Explain how axial and appendicular skeletons work together.
Axial supports/protects; appendicular allows movement
Upper arm bone
Humerus
Explain why the skeletal system is considered a “living organ system,” not just a frame.
Because it performs multiple functions (blood cell production, mineral storage, protection, movement) and constantly rebuilds itself.
How do compact bone and bone marrow work together to support survival?
Compact bone provides strength and structure, while bone marrow produces blood cells needed for oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting.
Why might a flat bone (like the skull) be more likely to crack while a long bone (like the femur) is more likely to break completely during an injury?
Flat bones are thinner and spread out, so they are more likely to crack under force. Long bones are thicker and built for weight-bearing, so they are more likely to break completely when too much force is applied.
Why is it important that the axial skeleton is central to the body’s structure?
Because it protects vital organs (brain, heart, lungs) and forms the body’s core support system.
Shoulder blade
Scapula