Fracture
Broken bone breaks through the skin.
open or compound fracture.
(page 377)
Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes. Also known as a bunion.
Hallux valgus
HAL - uks VAL - guhs
(page 383 - see image)
Benign tumor of the cartilage.
Chondroma
con - DROH - mah
chondr/o = cartilage
-oma = tumor
(page 376)
Abnormal, excessive, C-shaped or S-shaped lateral curvature of the spine.
Scoliosis
SKOH - lee - OH - sihs
(page 382)
Displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint.
Dislocation
dis - loh - KAY - shun
dis- = away from; lack of
locat/o- = place
-ion = action; condition
(page 384)
Bone is broken in a transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis.
Transverse fracture
trans - VERS
(page 379)
Congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated toward the midline and are abnormally close together with the lower legs bent laterally. Also known as knock-knee.
Genu valgum
JEE - noo VAL - gum
(page 383)
A benign tumor of the bone.
Osteoma
aw - stee - OH - mah
oste/o = bone
-oma = mass;tumor
(page 376)
Abnormal, excessive, posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. It is commonly known as humpback or hunchback.
Kyphosis
ky - FOH - sihs
kyph/o- = bent; humpbacked
-osis = abnormal condition; process
(page 381)
Overstretching or tearing a ligament around a joint.
Sprain
(page 386)
Very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together. It is difficult to detect except on an x-ray.
Hairline fracture.
(page 379)
What is the treatment for hullux valgus?
Wide-toed shoes; bunionectomy
BUN - yun - EK - toh - mee
(page 383)
Death of cells in the epiphysis of a long bone.
avascular necrosis
aa - VAS - kyoo - lar neh - KROH - sihs
a- = away from; without
vascul/o- = blood vessel
-ar = pertaining to
necr/o- = dead body; dead tissue
-osis = abnormal condition; process
(page 376)
Abnormal, excessive, anterior curvature of the lumbar spine. It is commonly known as swayback.
Lordosis
lor - DOH - sihs
lord/o- = swayback
-osis = abnormal condition
(page 381)
Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints particularly the large weight-bearing joints (knees, hips) and joints that move repeatedly (shoulders, neck, hands). There is joint pain and stiffness.
osteoarthritis
aw - stee - OH - ar - THRY - tihs
oste/o- = bone
arthr/o- = joint
-itis = infection of; inflammation of
(page 385)
Bone is broken on only one side. This occurs in children because part of the bone is still flexible cartilage.
Greenstick fracture.
(page 378)
Congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated laterally away from each other and the lower legs are bent toward the midline. Also know as bowleg.
Genu varum
JEE - noo VAR - um
(page 383)
A cancerous bone tumor in which osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone, multiply uncontrollably.
Osteosarcoma
aw - stee - oh - sar - KOH - mah
oste/o- = bone
sarc/o- = connective tissue
-oma = mass; tumor
(page 376)
Congenital deformity in which the sternum, particularly the xiphoid process is bent inward.
Pectus excavatum
PEK - tuhs eks - kah - VAH - tum
(page 381)
Blood in the joint cavity from blunt trauma or a penetrating wound.
hemarthrosis
hee - mar - THROH - sihs
hem/o- = blood
arthr/o- = joint
-osis = abnormal condition; process
(page 385)
Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand.
Colles fracture
KOH - leez fracture
(page 378)
Congenital deformity in which the foot is pulled downward and toward the midline. Also known as clubfoot.
Talipes equinovarus
TAY - lih - peez ee - kwy - noh - VAR - uhs
(page 383)
Abnormal softening of the patella because of thinning and uneven wear.
Chondromalacia patellae
con - droh - mah - LAY - shah pah - TEL - ee
chrondr/o- = cartilage
malac/o- = softening
-ia = condition; state; thing
(page 376)
Chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restriction of movement of the spine.
Ankylosing spondylitis
ang - kih - LOH - sing spawn - dih - LY - tihs
ankyl/o- = fused together; stiff
-osing = abnormal condition of making
spondyl/o- = vertebra
-itis = infection of; inflammation of
(page 381)
An acute and chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of connective tissues, particularly of the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
ROO - mah - toyd ar - THRY - tihs
rheumat/o- = watery discharge
-oid = resembling
arthr/o- = joint
-itis = infection of; inflammation of
(page 385 )