Bones and Basic Functions
Name one major function of the skeletal system
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, or fat storage
What is the dense outer layer of bone called?
Compact bone.
The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage belong to which division?
Axial skeleton.
The longest bone in the human body.
Femur
A child’s bone bends and cracks on one side. What type of fracture is this?
Greenstick
What type of tissue makes up most of the skeletal system?
Bone (osseous) tissue
The ends of a long bone are called what?
Epiphysis
The pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle belong to which division?
Appendicular skeleton.
The bone on the thumb side of the forearm.
Radius
Which disease causes bones to become weak and brittle due to calcium loss?
Osteoporosis
What is the soft tissue found inside bones that produces blood cells?
Red bone marrow
What covers the outer surface of a bone?
Periosteum
How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?
206
The kneecap bone..
Patella
What type of fracture results in the bone breaking into several pieces?
Comminuted
Explain the difference between yellow marrow and red marrow.
Red marrow makes blood cells; yellow marrow stores fat.
The small cavities that house osteocytes are called what?
Lacunae.
Which bone forms the lower jaw?
Mandible
The lower back vertebrae are called what?
Lumbar
What type of bone disease causes soft, weak bones in children due to vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets
Name the two main divisions of the human skeleton.
Axial and appendicular.
Which type of bone tissue has trabeculae and contains red marrow?
Spongy (cancellous) bone.
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
Which bone forms the posterior part of the skull?
Occipital
What is the term for inflammation of a joint?
Arthritis