Bone Basics
The humerus is classified as this type of bone.
What is a long bone?
The thin layer of cartilage covering the ends of a long bone.
What is articular cartilage?
The process where cartilage incorporates minerals to harden into bone.
What is ossification?
The purpose of a joint capsule filled with fluid.
What is to reduce friction between moving bones?
The two major sections of the skeleton.
What are axial and appendicular?
These are the two main functions of bone marrow.
What are storage (lipids) and manufacturing (blood cells)?
In a long bone, the location of compact bone versus spongy bone.
What is compact bone around the shaft and spongy bone near the ends?
The mineral that is deposited during ossification.
What is calcium?
The three types of joints, with an example of each.
What are fibrous (skull), cartilaginous (ribs), and synovial (knee)?
This division of the skeleton contains more bones.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
These two hormones regulate blood calcium, and the glands that secrete them.
What are PTH (parathyroid) and calcitonin (thyroid)?
The three main portions of a long bone.
What are epiphysis, diaphysis, and epiphyseal plate?
How osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to remodel bone.
What is osteoblasts build bone while osteoclasts break it down?
The three specific synovial joint types involved when standing on your toes.
What are gliding (ankle), hinge (knee), and ball & socket (hip)?
The 5 sections of the vertebral column in order, and their curves.
What are cervical (concave), thoracic (convex), lumbar (concave), sacrum (convex), coccyx (convex)?
The organic portion of bone provides this property, while the inorganic portion provides this one.
What are flexibility and strength/hardness?
These three compact bone structures include osteons, Haversian canals, and Volkmann’s canals.
What are osteons, central canals, and perforating canals?
The order of events in fracture healing, using the terms “callus” and “hematoma.”
What is a hematoma forms first, then a cartilage callus bridges the break?
The classification of joints that are "immovable."
What are fibrous joints?
Two differences between an infant’s bones and an adult’s (besides size).
What are more cartilage and more red bone marrow?
Name the five primary functions of the skeletal system.
What are protection, support, movement, storage, and manufacturing?
The function of canaliculi, Haversian canals, and Volkmann’s canals.
What is connecting bone cells to deliver nutrients and remove waste?
Why a fracture through the epiphyseal plate is a special concern in children.
What is it can permanently stop or distort bone growth?
The specific joint type that allows the greatest range of motion, plus one example.
What is synovial (e.g., shoulder or hip)?
The appearance of a “comminuted” fracture on an X-ray.
What are several bone fragments or shattered bone?