Bones Miscellaneous
Technical name for the collar bone
Clavicle
The most common type of injury to the chest, often resulting from direct blows (eg., steering wheel, falls, and crushing injuries to the chest).
Rib fractures
Rare type of bone cancer in which the cancer cells produce irregular, immature bone called osteoid.
Osteosarcoma
“Wear and tear” arthritis; occurs when the cartilage that cushions and protects the ends of the bones gradually wears away.
Osteoarthritis
Exaggerated, forward rounding of the back, often due to weakness of the bones (usually due to osteoporosis). Complications include breathing and digestive problems.
Kyphosis
Technical name for the wrist bones
Carpals
Pain along the tibia that is probably caused by inflammation of the periosteum brought on by repeated tugging of the attached muscles and tendons and often follows repeated walking or running up and down hills.
Shin splints
Infection of the bone
Osteomyelitis
Inward curvature of the lumbar spine. Also called swayback. May be caused by achondroplasia and obesity (or pregnancy). Can cause pain that may affect the ability to move.
Lordosis
Most commonly refers to a break in the bones associated with the hip joint- the head, neck, or trochanteric regions of the femur.
Hip fracture
Scientific term for the hip bones
Coxal bones
The fractured bone does not break through the skin.
Closed (simple) fracture
Group of diseases in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposition. The composition of the bone matrix remains normal, but bone mass declines, and the bones become porous and light.
Osteoporosis
Sideways bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region. It may result from congenitally malformed vertebrae, chronic sciatica, paralysis of muscles on one side of the vertebral column, poor posture, or one leg being shorter than the other.
Scoliosis
Used to diagnose osteopenia and osteoporosis
DEXA scan
How many bones are in the upper limb, and what is the breakdown (ie- numbers of bones in each part)
30
Humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges
When a fracture occurs, treatment begins with the realignment of the broken bone ends, which is called _________
Reduction
Similar to osteomalacia but occurs in children, and the symptoms are more severe. Bowed legs, deformity of the pelvis, skull, and rib cage are common.
Rickets
An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own cartilage and joint linings.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Common condition that causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm. It occurs when one of the major nerves (the median nerve) is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
What are the divisions of the vertebral column and numbers of bones in each section?
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx
More commonly known as “runner’s knee)- one of the most common problems experienced by runners.
Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome
Genetic disease in which bones fracture easily. Also known as brittle bones disease. There are several types with classifications based on the severity or on the nature of the genetic defect.
Congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae fail to unite at the midline. In serious cases, protrusion of the meninges around the spinal cord may produce partial or complete paralysis, partial or complete loss of urinary bladder control, and the absence of reflexes.
Spina bifida
Long-term bone disorder characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption, causing bones to weaken.
Paget's disease