Lesions & Glands
Give an example of a primary lesion.
Options: bulla, cyst, macule, nodule, papule, pustule, tumor, vesicle, wheal.
What is a recurring viral infection that presents as a cold sore?
Herpes Simplex Virus 1
What causes damage to the skin if exposed for prolonged periods of time without the right protection in place?
UV radiation from the sun.
What is an abrasion caused by scratching?
Excoriation
Why should cosmetologists understand problems with the skin?
They should understand skin problems to safely perform services, prioritize client health, and provide professional advice. This knowledge enables them to identify skin diseases, avoid aggravating conditions with products, ensure proper sanitation, and responsibly refer clients to medical professionals when necessary.
List 2 secondary lesions of the skin.
Options: crust, excoriation, fissure, keloid, scale, scar, ulcer.
What do the prefixes hyper- and hypo- mean?
Hyper- means above, beyond, excessive, or high
Hypo- means under, below, deficient, or low
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic factors for aging skin?
Intrinsic factors are elements of skin aging that can't be controlled. Extrinsic factors are elements that can be controlled to prevent excessive skin aging.
What is a small elevation in the skin that doesn’t contain fluid but could contain pus?
Papule
When in doubt about a skin condition, what should the cosmetologist do?
When in doubt about a skin condition, a cosmetologist should not attempt to diagnose or treat it, but rather refuse the service, avoid touching the affected area, and politely recommend the client consult a physician or dermatologist.
What is the difference between anhidrosis and hyperhidrosis?
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat, it is life threatening and requires medical attention. Hyperhidrosis is a condition of excessive sweating and requires medical treatment, but is not life threatening.
What genetic condition presents in an absence of melanin pigment?
Albinism
List 3 different kinds of extrinsic factors that cause issues to aging skin?
Options: UV radiation, smoking, alcohol, stress, poor nutrition, and pollution.
What is rosacea?
A chronic condition primarily of the cheeks and nose, presenting with a flushing or redness of the skin.
In what circumstance can a cosmetologist work on a client with a known skin condition?
Only if the skin is not broken, inflamed, or infected, the condition is not contagious, and with approval from the client's physician.
What is the difference between sebaceous and sudoriferous glands?
Sebaceous glands excrete oil and sudoriferous glands excrete sweat.
What chronic condition is characterized by severe inflammation, scaling, and itching?
Eczema
What are signs of potential skin cancer?
New, unusual, or changing lesions on the skin that do not heal. Changes could be in shape, size, or color.
What skin hypertrophy condition is characterized by red patches covered in silver-white scales?
Psoriasis
Under what circumstances would a cosmetologist refuse to service a client?
They must refuse service if they believe a client has an infectious, contagious, or communicable disease to protect public health.
What is the difference between open and closed comedo?
An open comedo is a blackhead, and is filled with keratin and sebum, being exposed to oxygen, the sebum oxidizes and turns black. A closed comedo is a whitehead filled with sebum that doesn't oxidize because it stays under the skin layer.
What are the 4 causes for skin infections?
Bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite.
What is the difference between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma is the ost common and least severe, characterized by light pearly nodules on the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma is a more sever version of cancer characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules on the skin.
What is a keratoma?
An acquired superficial thickened patch of skin, such as calluses or corns.
How would a cosmetologist prevent contact dermatitis?
Using gloves and sanitized implements, with frequent hand washing and use of creams to protect cracked skin. Keeping all surfaces disinfected as well.