Cranial Bones
Which cranial bone is the keystone bone and why?
Sphenoid; it forms a joint with all the other cranial bones
What is the landmark located directly in the middle of the maxilla?
Infraorbital foramen
What passes through the foramen magnum?
Spinal Cord
The vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid form what structure?
The nasal septum
Are all the cranial nerves either sensory nerves or motor nerves?
No, some of the cranial nerves are mixed nerves
The lambdoidal suture is between what two bones?
True or False
The superior and inferior nasal conchae are landmarks on the ethmoid, while the middle nasal conchae are their own bones.
False
What passes through the jugular foramen?
The internal jugular vein
What passes through the cribriform foramina on the ethmoid bone?
Olfactory nerves
Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor Nerve - moves 4 eye muscles), Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear Nerve - moves 1 eye muscle), and Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens Nerve - moves 1 eye muscle)
What are the 4 internal landmarks of the cranial bones?
Anterior cranial fossa, left middle cranial fossa, right middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa
Is the mandibular foramen located on the outside ramus of the mandible or the inside ramus of the mandible?
The inside ramus of the mandible
What passes through the carotid canal?
What does the sella turcica protect?
Pituitary gland
List the names of all the cranial nerves
Olfactory Nerve, Optic Nerve, Oculomotor Nerve, Trochlear Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve, Abducens Nerve, Facial Nerve, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Vagus Nerve, Accessory Nerve, Hypoglossal Nerve
True or False
The zygomatic process is on the zygomatic bone and the temporal process is on the temporal bone.
False
What are the two functions of the facial bones?
1.) Protect and support the entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts
2.) Provide areas for attachment of muscles that control facial expressions and assist in manipulation of food
What 2 things pass through the supraorbital foramen?
The hyoid bone does not form joints with other bones. What is its purpose?
For muscles in the neck to attach onto.
Which cranial nerve is the most important and why?
Vagus nerve, Cranial Nerve X b/c it provides the sensation and gives motor commands for organs in the entire throat, thorax, and abdomen
Which bones are the occipital condyles on and are they concave or convex?
Occipital bone; convex
Which 7 facial and cranial bones make up the orbit?
Frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, and lacrimal bones
There are 3 foramina, 1 canal, and 2 fissures on the sphenoid bone. State what they are.
Clue: do not include the foramen lacerum.
3 foramina: foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum
Canal: optic canal
2 fissures: superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure
What are the 3 auditory ossicles and what purpose do they serve?
Malleus, incus, and stapes
To transmit vibrations in the air (sounds) to the eardrum.
Which 4 cranial nerves are mixed nerves?
Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal Nerve), Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve), Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve), Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)