WEEK 3
i + 1 level is?
Just beyond, slightly higher
In early FL learning, who often shows a rate advantage in the short term?
Older starters
According to Norton and Darvin which concept is sociological and shaped by social practices
Investment
What is bilingualism?
Speaking two languages
What is the term for using all of your language skills as one system, not switching between separate languages?
translanguaging
Krashen says many learners, especially children, go through this stage where they understand language but do not speak yet.
silent period
What does AOA stand for?
Age of onset
Which concept focuses on conscious and unconscious factors?
Motivation
How is bilingualism viewed for wealthy children?
Celebrated skil
In García’s article, what did Pablo call a “tubería” that shows creativity in bilingual use
tube
What is affective filter?
Emotional barrier
What is meant by the term “sensitive period”
A period when a child can easily acquire language
What increases a learner’s cultural capital and social power?
Investment
What term describes judging language by race
Raciolinguistic ideology
Name one of the four models of bilingualism that involves maintaining both L1 and L2 separately
additive model
What theory proposes that humans are born with an innate set of grammatical principles that underlie all languages?
Universal Grammar
What does CPH stand for + meaning?
Critical Period Hypothesis
What can operate invisibly and influence learners’ choices consciously or unconsciously
Ideology
According to Sparks et al. L1 skills predict.....
L2
Which problematic terms does García argue should be replaced due to monolingual bias in describing bilinguals? Give at least two examples.
“semilingualism,” “mother tongue,” “language dominance,” “second-language learner,” or “heritage speaker”
This hypothesis says people acquire language only by understanding messages, also known as “comprehensible input.”
Input hypothesis
According to Penfield, when does the brain start to lose plasticity
Around age nine
What awareness allows learners to reflect on their own dispositions and beliefs
Consciousness
Who was mentioned as an example of celebrated bilingualism at age two?
Princess Charlotte
According to Cummins, what is the hypothesis that skills in one language can support learning in another if the first language is supported?
Interdependence Hypothesis (Common Underlying Proficiency)