Interaction
Simplified language that a NS uses with NNS that involves simplified sentence structure and high frequency vocabulary
Foreigner Talk
A period of life (roughly from birth to adolescence) during which language acquisition must occur; later than this period acquisition will not be native-like
Critical period
This linguist has been most associated with innatist perspectives on L1 acquisition
Noam Chomsky
When a teacher rephrases a learner’s utterance by repeating what the learner has said but without the error
Recast
Gardner & Lambert (1972) described two types of this: instrumental and integrative
Motivation
All the language that is available to a learner through any medium; very important for acquisition
Input
The first stage of this involves one or two-word sentences with rising intonation
Question acquisition
The innate ability that humans have to produce language that contains the principles of grammar that are shared by all languages
Universal Grammar (UG)
A type of feedback where the interlocutor asks the speaker to clarify what he/she has said
Clarification request
Another word for “feeling” or “emotion” used in relation to language learning
Affect
The language that learners produce
Output
Brown (1973) claimed that = there is a Hierarchy of Acquisition of these after studying the L1 acquisition of 3 children
Grammatical morphemes
This type of data collection method where learners must state if a sentence is grammatical or not is often used in innatist L2 research
Grammaticality Judgment Tests (GJTs)
When a learner responds to the teacher’s recast, for example by correcting his/her previous error
Uptake
Refers to the structures and processes used to store and manipulate information; includes central executive, phonological loop, and visuo-spatial sketchpad
Working Memory (WM)
When a NS and a NNS or two NNSs work together to achieve mutual comprehension during interaction when nonunderstandings occur
Negotiation of meaning
Language-like sounds that emerge around six months of age
Babbling
This is the logical problem of language learning: the amount and quality of input that learners receive is insufficient to explain what they know about the language
Poverty of the Stimulus
A type of feedback used to confirm that something has been correctly heard or understood
Confirmation check
Most commonly used measure of language learning aptitude developed by Carroll & Sapon (1959)
Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT)