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Vocabulary
Theory
Language Acquisition
More Acquisition
Language Development
100
Theory where immigrants assume the culture and language of the dominant group.
What is Assimilation Theory?
100
Separate Underlying Proficiency. (Two-balloon theory). Separate Underlying Proficiency separates proficiency, knowledge and skills in English from those in the L1. This idea is based on the belief that learning in the L1 impedes learning in English, and that content learned in the L1 will not transfer to the students’ English language skills.
What are SUP?
100
Second Language Acquisition
What does the acronym SLA stand for?
100
Pre-production:0-6 months; silent period; key words only; needs context and visuals Early production:6months-1year; one or two word answers or phrases; needs context; approximates words Speech Emergence:1-3 years; good comprehension; simple sentences; grammar and pronunciation errors Intermediate fluency:3-5 years; excellent comprehension; few grammatical errors Advanced fluency:near native level of speech
What are the five stages of second language acquisition?
100
Have students work in small groups or partnerships Learn phrases in their language Authentic material movies, newspapers and magazines, popular fiction Ordinary, meaningful language about people, places, things, ideas, stories keep students in groups that reflect their current needs and abilities
What are teacher strategies to lower students' affective filters?
200
Theory where each minority group retains their cultural identity and language.
What is a cultural pluralism?
200
Common Underlying Proficiency. (One-balloon theory). Language fundamentals for the L1 establish a foundation on which to build additional languages. Language skills can be transferred to develop similar skills in the new language.
What is a CUP?
200
6-10 years
How long does it really take to become proficient in a second language?
200
Stage One:Simple commands, gestures, objects, key words, yes/no questions, student shows/draws responses, slows rate of speech Stage Two:Expands language using gestures, objects with key words, phrases; asks students questions that require one/two word answers; introduces figurative language; slows rate of speech Stage Three:Expands academic vocabulary; uses longer sentence stems to support responses; encourages longer oral output Stage Four:Develops more complex academic language, both oral and written; introduces more figuarative language Stage Five:Emphasizes higher level grammatically complex academic language; asks more grammatically complex questions; expands figurative language
What are teacher strategies for each of the five levels of language acquisition?
200
Sound is a kind of e___________. Like all e___________, sound can move things.
What is energy?
300
The ability to effectively interact with people from different cultural groups, with increased personal satisfaction, positive interpersonal relationships, and task effectiveness.
What is a cultural competence?
300
Academic content that a learner can understand because the teacher has provided scaffolding. Comprehensible input should be one step beyond the learner’s current language ability, represented as i + 1, in order to allow learners to continue to progress with their language development.
What is a “Comprehensible Input” mean? What is i + 1??
300
Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills. Social Language Simpler vocabulary and grammar; shorter sentences Usually face-to-face conversations, small group, informal talk Nonverbal cues Requires lower level of cognitive demand Takes 1-3 years to develop
What is BICS?
300
Honeymoon phase:anticipation and excitement; recent move; dream come true; promise of a better job or position; reunited with family Hostility phase:cultural differences between the new and native cultures; cultural mismatch triggers sadness, frustration, anger, hostility, withdrawal, physical symptoms, culture shock, absenteeism, dropout, manipulative behavior, suspension Humor stage:beginning to understand cross-cultural differences in native and second culture, synchronize cultural and linguistic development Home stage:learns to respect and affirm cross-cultural differences and learns to celebrate his or her won bilingual identity
What is U-curve?
300
A door slamming is an example of a sound __________________
What is a source?
400
A tendency where people unconsciously experience their own cultures as central to reality and perceive the idea of cultural difference as a threat to their cultural reality.
What is a ethnocentrism?
400
Behaviorism
Which theory supports the idea that infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving imitation, rewards, and practice (“nurture”)?
400
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency Skills. Technical vocabulary, longer sentences and more complex grammar Often lecture style or written text, little interpersonal context Precise understanding is required Requires higher level of cognitive demand
What is the CALPS?
400
Be patient Smile and include all students Assign a buddy Observe Call on all students during class discussion Literature, music, materials that represent all cultures Communicate with parents and family asap and often Watch for dietary preferences Know community resources for students and families Language support strategies (communication, comprehension, safe, production) Immediatly address prejudice, bullying and exclusion
What teacher support strategies for ELL students?
400
this is any noise, voice, or tone caused by a vibrating object
What is a sound?
500
People recognize that all behaviors exist in a cultural context including their own. They recognize the limitation this places on their experience, and seek out cultural diversity as a way of understanding others and enriching their own cultural experience.
What is a cultural relativism?
500
Inatism
Which theory supports the idea that the innateness of language can be visualized as the general outline of a “blue print” that is inborn as “circuitry” in the brain and born to all humans (“nature”)?
500
The ability to effectively interact with people from different cultural groups with increased personal satisfaction, positive interpersonal relationships and task effectiveness
What is cultural competance?
500
theory of language interdependence proposed that there are common mental processes underlying both first and second language learning.In Cummins' hypothesis, the theory is that first language learning "proficiencies" can be transferred to the second language learning context.The unique aspect of the use of Cummins theory is that this hypothesis could also work in reverse. That is to say that at the same time learners are learning a second language, they are also developing capacities which could be used in the first language learning setting
What is a Cummins' Iceberg model?
500
Krashen argues that comprehensible input is not enough to ensure language acquisition. Language learners also have to be receptive to that input. When learners are bored, angry, frustrated, nervous, unmotivated or stressed, they may not be receptive to language input and so they 'screen' the input. This screen is referred to as the AFFECTIVE FILTER. This suggests that when learners are bored, angry, frustrated, nervous, unmotivated or stressed, they may be unsuccessful at learning a second language. This has very practical implications for language teachers: lower their affective filters.
What is affective filter hypothesis?